Article

Abstract

Artificial intelligence at international airport for security check is essential for newly developed international airport, it helps to obtain accuracy of baggage weight, secure airport from hackers and reduce the queue. Firstly using three-dimensional (3D) stationary whole-body scanners are widely used in the airport industry to collect body measurements and working princples of big data,deep learning and machine learning in international airport security check, where  going to be future control context for smart airports. The stationary scanner has good performance on efficiency, validity, and reliability (Xia et al., 2019). The implementation of new technology helps to gain speed in the international airport security check. This study aims to provide information on the introduction of artificial intelligence at international airport for security check.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence

Google scholor

Machine learning

Deep learning

 

Introduction

Introducing  artificial intelligence in international airport for security check aims to provide artificial intelligence in international airport   security check  for the development in the international airport. According to Taufik and Hanafiah, the airport is one of the key infrastructures that indicates a country’s level of development. There are several elements considered essential for an airport growth including efficiency, profitability, revenue-generating opportunities, public transport links, efficient passenger handling, technology enhancement and a wide range of amenities (Taufik & Hanafiah, 2019).

The number of flights is expected to have risen by 40% in 2035, and more airports are now adding electronic border controls to improve capacity and security. The technology uses pattern recognition to acquire and compare biometric data from a person, and different methods are used at European airports (such as facial recognition, fingerprinting, or iris).Worldwide, airports use multiple human identification scanners and different facial point combinations to detect the person. The International Airports Council (ACI) provides guidance and assistance to ensure competent strategic and organisational competence(Keshtgar et al., 2019).Using artificial intelligence which make easy to identify the person based on facial recognition ,monitoring the person moments in airport , automated baggchecking self service gate to reduce the queue and at last biometric system to identify the person details using self service passport scanners.

Gap Analysis

Due to rapid growth in the tourism sector, most of the airindusties becoming busy and more number of people facing different problem while entering into the airport such as Hold Baggage Security Screening (HBSS) is a multi-level security system that prevents baggage from entering the aircraft, containing prohibited items. The demand for air traffic passengers rose by 8 per cent in 2018 relative to the previous year. Data indicate that air traffic is forecast to rise by another 6 percent by 2019 (AlKheder et al., 2019).problem in finding out  face surgery recognition in airport security check, long waiting time in security check and person with disability are facing problem in baggage checking  .

Some of the questions  related to my research

  1. What is the need and impact of introducing Artificial Intelligence in international Airport for security check?
  2. What are the benefits that can achieve after introducing Artificial Intelligence in international airport security checks?
  3. Why is it necessary to transform traditional equipment into Artificial intelligence?
  4. What are the major drawbacksof Artificial intelligence in International Airport security check?

Methodology

Firstly ,  research was done through a specific problem such  as   impact of Introducing Artificial Intelligence  in international Airport for  security check and used different sources to find  journal articles and peer reviewed articles. Mainly scholored sourses were use to searched down from google scholor,science directory and mostly CSU Primo search(Library). Mostly searching was done using specific keywords  artificial intelligence in airport security check and automated airport security check , these are two keywords help me to find out different articles and using credibility check such as CRAAP helpful in aswereing the research question. Articles which were read thoroughly and analysed to get the meaning full result was presented in the following section.

Search Strategies: search phrases as per the  research work is done using  artificial intelligence in airport security check, security baggage checking in international airport, automated airport security check,smart airport ,problem of airport security check,artificial intelligence in robotics and security check in international airport are  keywords  to help me to find the article in  google scholor,IEEE Papers , youtube videos ,Science Directory and CSU Primo library search .

Data Collection and Analysis: Data collection was done through google scholor,IEEE Papers , Science Directory and CSU Primo library search .Major tools used to stored the articles for my research is   Zotero and End Note, mainly I used Zotero to store and do the citation and bibliography to my article.In details about articles been explained in the following section.

Result

After searching more than 50 articles using specific keyword like

  • artificial intelligence in airport securitycheck,
  • automated airport security check,
  • smart airport ,
  • security baggage checking in international airport
  • security check in international airport
  • Artificial Intelligence in Robatics
  • Problem of airport security check

where 50 articles are related to my research but 12 articles are selected and 38 articles are rejected because most of them are failed in credibility check.  credibility check was done using CRAAP Test as shown below.

The CRAAP test is used to find the best 12 articles and all articles are tested to obtain good quality articles. Articles are tested on the basis of abstract and year of publishing the article. From  the 50 articles only 12 articles are selected and rest of 38 articles are rejected as it shows poor credibility check .

To defining criteria of CRAAP using Low>Medium>High

 

CRAAP Criteria
currency L<2015-2016

M<2017-2018

H>2019
relevance L=Not relevant

M=Partial relevant

H=Complete relevant
authority L<5 Articles

M =5 to 15Articles

H>15 Articles
accuracy L<8 citation in article

M=9 to 29 citation in article

H>30 citation in article
purpose L=Acknowledgement not declared

M=partial acknowledgement declared

H=Acknowledgement declared

 

 

Discussion

From the above introduction, four  research questions of my report are going to answered in the following section.

 

  1. What is the need and impact of introducing Artificial Intelligence in international Airport for security check?

The 9–11 attacks have prompted government reforms to strengthen government procedures , policies, infrastructure, and programming in America and in other nations. Passengers and their baggage are normally screened at the checkpoint in order to keep all passengers safe during their voyage. However, due to too long waiting times the current security measures are criticised (Zhang et al., 2017).Mostly Checking X-ray photographs of cabin luggage is a visual scan and decision-making process that needs long-term diligence. It’s difficult to sustain discipline under those circumstances. Workplace rules often illustrate questions regarding watchfulness decrements(Chavaillaz et al., 2019).More over in airport security check , we also need to consider  the Incorporate Border Management model, border control is established whose two key tasks are border surveillance and border checks. The first role conducts border monitoring during set operating hours between the specific Border Crossing Point (BCP) and the BCPs themselves. This monitoring is undertaken to discourage people from circumventing border controls.where to solve all this need we required to introduce artificial intelligence in international airport for security check.

 

Impact of introducing artificial intelligence in international airport for security check Mostly to resolve all the problem by using artificial intelligence is the application of video extraction technologies to security surveillance is essentially based on intelligent video processing technologies. Intelligent video processing technology refers to the use of visual recognition techniques for virtual image by distinguishing backdrop and target in the scene and observing and monitoring the target in the camera frame (Dong et al., 2020).

automatic security screening  is complished without any human intervention in the hold baggage security screening system to it contain x ray screening which is same as medical x ray screening which provide high resolution of 3D image and has the ability of high speed explosive detection (AlKheder et al., 2019). Mainly it provide the automatic boarding system to reduce the queue and save the time more over which also effect the ground staff with un employment  and also to providing the artificial intelligence  cost more but make the work more easier.

  1. What are the benefits that can achieve after introducing Artificial Intelligence in international airport security checks?

When it comes to digitalization, airport faces a multiple challenges  including appropriate it infrature for future resource allocation and automated passenger flow forecast tools. Focusing on improving operations and innovation while enhancing passenger experience, airports use different concepts such as: airport collaborative decision making (ACDM), airport operations center (APOC) and total airport management (TAM), which benefit on new technologies and digital tools (Zaharia & Pietreanu, 2018) . The paper outlines airport digitization trends, the structure through which total airport management is implemented and identify to Increasing autonomy for baggage screeners may also be achieved through modern approaches to automation design such as adaptable automation (Scerbo, 2006). Compared to conventional baggage screening without system cues, adaptable automation allows operators to delegate tasks to the machine such as data acquisition and analysis (see Parasuraman et al., 2000). This means that such automatic systems provide a visual cue pointing at the location of the potential prohibited item (e.g. Singh and Singh, 2003) (Chavaillaz et al., 2019).

Moreover three dimensional scanner or whole body scanner referes to 3D scanning system that use multiple light source and sensors to capture 3D geometry shapes of person (Xia et al., 2019). Which helps to identify the person behaviour, exploring items which were carrired by the person .

Over the last two decades airports are facing more security problem with rapid growth of custmors and passengers  are visiting the airport not only for travelling for the tourist view for example changi international airport which was higly rated for best toust attraction in past two years more over all the airports are planning to start digital and smart airports by providing the tools like artificial intelligence ,big data ,deep learning and IOT for development of the international airport with more facilities such as if we considered the artificial  intelligence in Smart scanning ,automatic boarding  and automatic hold baggage security screening which helps to reduce the queue,  finding appropriate person using facial recognition ,identify the explosure items in the bag and using automatic fast screening to scan the person and make the passengers to feel happy.Mainly we can achieve this only when we introduce artificial intelligence in international airport for security check.

  1. Why is it necessary to transform traditional equipment into Artificial intelligence?

The airport sector has recently provided signs of new innovative, marketing-driven solutions to the market, following decades of standstill in both technical and competitive strategies across industry boundaries. Airports’ position has changed, from a mono-modal approach to a multimodal hub approach, to the idea of multipoint company (Jarach, 2001).and reducing security lanes are open to passengers screening would inevitably lead to longer waiting times for passengers going through protection. Optimization approaches, however, such as evolutionary methods, should view this as a multi-objective optimization problem and build schedules for safety lanes that mitigate each of these objectives (Chitty et al., 2017).

Firstly in practical airport security application baggage is used to be screened in a moving conveyor belt which takes more time to detect the explosure device and long waiting time to collect the bag (Takada et al., 2016).

In the previous methord its more difficult to identifie the person who are coming into airport and passengers are fed up  in  standing long waiting time  in queue and  more cyber attacks taking place and annonymus , suspisious persons are easily crossing the borders with fake id proof .so that’s the reson its necessary to change the from traditional equipment into artificial intelligence.

  1. What are the major drawbacksof Artificial intelligence in International Airport security check?

 

According to Laura Rodríguez Carlos-Roca, Isabelle Hupont Torres and Carles Fernández Tena using Automated Border Check gates, face recognition is the main option for identity validation to reduce the queue using automatic tools which may reduce the jobs of the ground staff of the international (Carlos-Roca et al., 2018).The major drawbacks of artificial intelligence in international airport security check is higher coast of equipments, unemployement occurs due to in less number of time machine can complete multiple task and no improvement with experience mainly because humans can get experience to learn something to develop where has machines cannot get experience to learn something.

Conclusion

At last after all my research wanted to conclude that introducing artificial intelligence in international airport for security check helps to grow the air industries with more people and passengers can experience secure and safe travel and visiting a greater number of tourist international places .The justification of  introducing Artificial intelligence in international airport security check had good validity in international airport with transforming into smart international airport which entirely relies on artificial intelligence.

 

 

References

 

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Carlos-Roca, L. R., Torres, I. H., & Tena, C. F. (2018). Facial recognition application for border control. 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2018.8489113

Chavaillaz, A., Schwaninger, A., Michel, S., & Sauer, J. (2019). Work design for airport security officers: Effects of rest break schedules and adaptable automation. Applied Ergonomics, 79, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.04.004

Chitty, D. M., Yang, S., & Gongora, M. (2017). Considering flexibility in the evolutionary dynamic optimisation of airport security lane schedules. 2017 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI.2017.8285177

Dong, Z., Wei, J., Chen, X., & Zheng, P. (2020). Face Detection in Security Monitoring Based on Artificial Intelligence Video Retrieval Technology. IEEE Access, 8, 63421–63433. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982779

Jarach, D. (2001). The evolution of airport management practices: Towards a multi-point, multi-service, marketing-driven “rm. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7.

Keshtgar, S., Keshtgar, A., Mistry, P., & Shakib, K. (2019). Assessing facial recognition after orthognathic surgery at automated border controls in airports. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 57(6), 536–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.12.021

 

Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens, C.D., (2000). A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. A 30 (3), 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.844354.

Scerbo, M.W., (2006). Dynamic function allocation. In: Karwowski, W. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, second ed. CRC/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1080–1082.

Singh, S., Singh, M., (2003). Explosives detection systems (EDS) for aviation security. Signal Process. 83 (1), 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1684(02)00391-2.

Takada, Y., Nagano, H., Kawaguchi, Y., Kashima, H., Sugaya, M., Terada, K., Hashimoto, Y., & Sakairi, M. (2016). Automated Trace-Explosives Detection for Passenger and Baggage Screening. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(5), 1119–1129. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2015.2499760

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Xia, S., Guo, S., Li, J., & Istook, C. (2019). Comparison of different body measurement techniques: 3D stationary scanner, 3D handheld scanner, and tape measurement. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 110(8), 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1541437

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