Abstract
Artificial intelligence at international airport for security check is essential for newly developed international airport, it helps to obtain accuracy of baggage weight, secure airport from hackers and reduce the queue. Firstly using three-dimensional (3D) stationary whole-body scanners are widely used in the airport industry to collect body measurements and working princples of big data,deep learning and machine learning in international airport security check, where going to be future control context for smart airports. The stationary scanner has good performance on efficiency, validity, and reliability (Xia et al., 2019). The implementation of new technology helps to gain speed in the international airport security check. This study aims to provide information on the introduction of artificial intelligence at international airport for security check.
Keywords
Artificial intelligence
Google scholor
Machine learning
Deep learning
Introduction
Introducing artificial intelligence in international airport for security check aims to provide artificial intelligence in international airport security check for the development in the international airport. According to Taufik and Hanafiah, the airport is one of the key infrastructures that indicates a country’s level of development. There are several elements considered essential for an airport growth including efficiency, profitability, revenue-generating opportunities, public transport links, efficient passenger handling, technology enhancement and a wide range of amenities (Taufik & Hanafiah, 2019).
The number of flights is expected to have risen by 40% in 2035, and more airports are now adding electronic border controls to improve capacity and security. The technology uses pattern recognition to acquire and compare biometric data from a person, and different methods are used at European airports (such as facial recognition, fingerprinting, or iris).Worldwide, airports use multiple human identification scanners and different facial point combinations to detect the person. The International Airports Council (ACI) provides guidance and assistance to ensure competent strategic and organisational competence(Keshtgar et al., 2019).Using artificial intelligence which make easy to identify the person based on facial recognition ,monitoring the person moments in airport , automated baggchecking self service gate to reduce the queue and at last biometric system to identify the person details using self service passport scanners.
Gap Analysis
Due to rapid growth in the tourism sector, most of the airindusties becoming busy and more number of people facing different problem while entering into the airport such as Hold Baggage Security Screening (HBSS) is a multi-level security system that prevents baggage from entering the aircraft, containing prohibited items. The demand for air traffic passengers rose by 8 per cent in 2018 relative to the previous year. Data indicate that air traffic is forecast to rise by another 6 percent by 2019 (AlKheder et al., 2019).problem in finding out face surgery recognition in airport security check, long waiting time in security check and person with disability are facing problem in baggage checking .
Some of the questions related to my research
- What is the need and impact of introducing Artificial Intelligence in international Airport for security check?
- What are the benefits that can achieve after introducing Artificial Intelligence in international airport security checks?
- Why is it necessary to transform traditional equipment into Artificial intelligence?
- What are the major drawbacksof Artificial intelligence in International Airport security check?
Methodology
Firstly , research was done through a specific problem such as impact of Introducing Artificial Intelligence in international Airport for security check and used different sources to find journal articles and peer reviewed articles. Mainly scholored sourses were use to searched down from google scholor,science directory and mostly CSU Primo search(Library). Mostly searching was done using specific keywords artificial intelligence in airport security check and automated airport security check , these are two keywords help me to find out different articles and using credibility check such as CRAAP helpful in aswereing the research question. Articles which were read thoroughly and analysed to get the meaning full result was presented in the following section.
Search Strategies: search phrases as per the research work is done using artificial intelligence in airport security check, security baggage checking in international airport, automated airport security check,smart airport ,problem of airport security check,artificial intelligence in robotics and security check in international airport are keywords to help me to find the article in google scholor,IEEE Papers , youtube videos ,Science Directory and CSU Primo library search .
Data Collection and Analysis: Data collection was done through google scholor,IEEE Papers , Science Directory and CSU Primo library search .Major tools used to stored the articles for my research is Zotero and End Note, mainly I used Zotero to store and do the citation and bibliography to my article.In details about articles been explained in the following section.
Result
After searching more than 50 articles using specific keyword like
- artificial intelligence in airport securitycheck,
- automated airport security check,
- smart airport ,
- security baggage checking in international airport
- security check in international airport
- Artificial Intelligence in Robatics
- Problem of airport security check
where 50 articles are related to my research but 12 articles are selected and 38 articles are rejected because most of them are failed in credibility check. credibility check was done using CRAAP Test as shown below.
The CRAAP test is used to find the best 12 articles and all articles are tested to obtain good quality articles. Articles are tested on the basis of abstract and year of publishing the article. From the 50 articles only 12 articles are selected and rest of 38 articles are rejected as it shows poor credibility check .
To defining criteria of CRAAP using Low>Medium>High
| CRAAP | Criteria |
| currency | L<2015-2016
M<2017-2018 H>2019 |
| relevance | L=Not relevant
M=Partial relevant H=Complete relevant |
| authority | L<5 Articles
M =5 to 15 Articles H>15 Articles |
| accuracy | L<8 citation in article
M=9 to 29 citation in article H>30 citation in article |
| purpose | L=Acknowledgement not declared
M=partial acknowledgement declared H=Acknowledgement declared |
Discussion
From the above introduction, four research questions of my report are going to answered in the following section.
- What is the need and impact of introducing Artificial Intelligence in international Airport for security check?
The 9–11 attacks have prompted government reforms to strengthen government procedures , policies, infrastructure, and programming in America and in other nations. Passengers and their baggage are normally screened at the checkpoint in order to keep all passengers safe during their voyage. However, due to too long waiting times the current security measures are criticised (Zhang et al., 2017).Mostly Checking X-ray photographs of cabin luggage is a visual scan and decision-making process that needs long-term diligence. It’s difficult to sustain discipline under those circumstances. Workplace rules often illustrate questions regarding watchfulness decrements(Chavaillaz et al., 2019).More over in airport security check , we also need to consider the Incorporate Border Management model, border control is established whose two key tasks are border surveillance and border checks. The first role conducts border monitoring during set operating hours between the specific Border Crossing Point (BCP) and the BCPs themselves. This monitoring is undertaken to discourage people from circumventing border controls.where to solve all this need we required to introduce artificial intelligence in international airport for security check.
Impact of introducing artificial intelligence in international airport for security check Mostly to resolve all the problem by using artificial intelligence is the application of video extraction technologies to security surveillance is essentially based on intelligent video processing technologies. Intelligent video processing technology refers to the use of visual recognition techniques for virtual image by distinguishing backdrop and target in the scene and observing and monitoring the target in the camera frame (Dong et al., 2020).
automatic security screening is complished without any human intervention in the hold baggage security screening system to it contain x ray screening which is same as medical x ray screening which provide high resolution of 3D image and has the ability of high speed explosive detection (AlKheder et al., 2019). Mainly it provide the automatic boarding system to reduce the queue and save the time more over which also effect the ground staff with un employment and also to providing the artificial intelligence cost more but make the work more easier.
- What are the benefits that can achieve after introducing Artificial Intelligence in international airport security checks?
When it comes to digitalization, airport faces a multiple challenges including appropriate it infrature for future resource allocation and automated passenger flow forecast tools. Focusing on improving operations and innovation while enhancing passenger experience, airports use different concepts such as: airport collaborative decision making (ACDM), airport operations center (APOC) and total airport management (TAM), which benefit on new technologies and digital tools (Zaharia & Pietreanu, 2018) . The paper outlines airport digitization trends, the structure through which total airport management is implemented and identify to Increasing autonomy for baggage screeners may also be achieved through modern approaches to automation design such as adaptable automation (Scerbo, 2006). Compared to conventional baggage screening without system cues, adaptable automation allows operators to delegate tasks to the machine such as data acquisition and analysis (see Parasuraman et al., 2000). This means that such automatic systems provide a visual cue pointing at the location of the potential prohibited item (e.g. Singh and Singh, 2003) (Chavaillaz et al., 2019).
Moreover three dimensional scanner or whole body scanner referes to 3D scanning system that use multiple light source and sensors to capture 3D geometry shapes of person (Xia et al., 2019). Which helps to identify the person behaviour, exploring items which were carrired by the person .
Over the last two decades airports are facing more security problem with rapid growth of custmors and passengers are visiting the airport not only for travelling for the tourist view for example changi international airport which was higly rated for best toust attraction in past two years more over all the airports are planning to start digital and smart airports by providing the tools like artificial intelligence ,big data ,deep learning and IOT for development of the international airport with more facilities such as if we considered the artificial intelligence in Smart scanning ,automatic boarding and automatic hold baggage security screening which helps to reduce the queue, finding appropriate person using facial recognition ,identify the explosure items in the bag and using automatic fast screening to scan the person and make the passengers to feel happy.Mainly we can achieve this only when we introduce artificial intelligence in international airport for security check.
- Why is it necessary to transform traditional equipment into Artificial intelligence?
The airport sector has recently provided signs of new innovative, marketing-driven solutions to the market, following decades of standstill in both technical and competitive strategies across industry boundaries. Airports’ position has changed, from a mono-modal approach to a multimodal hub approach, to the idea of multipoint company (Jarach, 2001).and reducing security lanes are open to passengers screening would inevitably lead to longer waiting times for passengers going through protection. Optimization approaches, however, such as evolutionary methods, should view this as a multi-objective optimization problem and build schedules for safety lanes that mitigate each of these objectives (Chitty et al., 2017).
Firstly in practical airport security application baggage is used to be screened in a moving conveyor belt which takes more time to detect the explosure device and long waiting time to collect the bag (Takada et al., 2016).
In the previous methord its more difficult to identifie the person who are coming into airport and passengers are fed up in standing long waiting time in queue and more cyber attacks taking place and annonymus , suspisious persons are easily crossing the borders with fake id proof .so that’s the reson its necessary to change the from traditional equipment into artificial intelligence.
- What are the major drawbacksof Artificial intelligence in International Airport security check?
According to Laura Rodríguez Carlos-Roca, Isabelle Hupont Torres and Carles Fernández Tena using Automated Border Check gates, face recognition is the main option for identity validation to reduce the queue using automatic tools which may reduce the jobs of the ground staff of the international (Carlos-Roca et al., 2018).The major drawbacks of artificial intelligence in international airport security check is higher coast of equipments, unemployement occurs due to in less number of time machine can complete multiple task and no improvement with experience mainly because humans can get experience to learn something to develop where has machines cannot get experience to learn something.
Conclusion
At last after all my research wanted to conclude that introducing artificial intelligence in international airport for security check helps to grow the air industries with more people and passengers can experience secure and safe travel and visiting a greater number of tourist international places .The justification of introducing Artificial intelligence in international airport security check had good validity in international airport with transforming into smart international airport which entirely relies on artificial intelligence.
References
AlKheder, S., Alomair, A., & Aladwani, B. (2019). Hold baggage security screening system in Kuwait International Airport using Arena software. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, S2090447919301546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.10.016
Carlos-Roca, L. R., Torres, I. H., & Tena, C. F. (2018). Facial recognition application for border control. 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2018.8489113
Chavaillaz, A., Schwaninger, A., Michel, S., & Sauer, J. (2019). Work design for airport security officers: Effects of rest break schedules and adaptable automation. Applied Ergonomics, 79, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.04.004
Chitty, D. M., Yang, S., & Gongora, M. (2017). Considering flexibility in the evolutionary dynamic optimisation of airport security lane schedules. 2017 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI.2017.8285177
Dong, Z., Wei, J., Chen, X., & Zheng, P. (2020). Face Detection in Security Monitoring Based on Artificial Intelligence Video Retrieval Technology. IEEE Access, 8, 63421–63433. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982779
Jarach, D. (2001). The evolution of airport management practices: Towards a multi-point, multi-service, marketing-driven “rm. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7.
Keshtgar, S., Keshtgar, A., Mistry, P., & Shakib, K. (2019). Assessing facial recognition after orthognathic surgery at automated border controls in airports. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 57(6), 536–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.12.021
Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens, C.D., (2000). A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. A 30 (3), 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.844354.
Scerbo, M.W., (2006). Dynamic function allocation. In: Karwowski, W. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, second ed. CRC/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1080–1082.
Singh, S., Singh, M., (2003). Explosives detection systems (EDS) for aviation security. Signal Process. 83 (1), 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1684(02)00391-2.
Takada, Y., Nagano, H., Kawaguchi, Y., Kashima, H., Sugaya, M., Terada, K., Hashimoto, Y., & Sakairi, M. (2016). Automated Trace-Explosives Detection for Passenger and Baggage Screening. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(5), 1119–1129. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2015.2499760
Taufik, N., & Hanafiah, M. H. (2019). Airport passengers’ adoption behaviour towards self-check-in Kiosk Services: The roles of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and need for human interaction. Heliyon, 5(12), e02960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02960
Xia, S., Guo, S., Li, J., & Istook, C. (2019). Comparison of different body measurement techniques: 3D stationary scanner, 3D handheld scanner, and tape measurement. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 110(8), 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1541437
Zhang, X., Li, J., & Xiang, N. (2017). Airport security process optimization based on GSPN and queuing theory. 2017 IEEE 2nd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC), 1810–1814. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNEC.2017.8285107
Weekly Progress Report
| Full Name | SUSHEEL KACHE |
| Student ID | 11692409 |
| Subject | ITC571 – Emerging Technology and Innovations |
| Assignment No | Weekly Progress Report |
| Due Date | March 15, 2020 |
| Lecturer’s Name | Dr Farzad Jahedi |
Week 2:
| NAME: | |||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 2 | DATE: 05/03/2020 | |||
| selection of topic took too much time, and everything is new to learn in the starting and initial understanding the project was more difficult. at last topic was selected by faculty. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
Initial understanding of the project |
05/03/2020 | 09/03/2020 | Understanding of the project took more time than expected. | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Topic selection led to consuming more time than expected date.
|
12/03/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor. | Yes | ||
Week 3:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 3 | DATE: 17/03/2020 | |||
| In this week preparation on assignment 2 started where I had work on justification of the project, explaining the project scope and methodology but still I face issue with some questions related to my project. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
Justification of the project, defining the project scope and methodology of the conducted in research
|
17/03/2020 | 20/03/2020 | Justification tells its suited for project | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Questions related to the project were unanswered
|
19/03/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor. | Yes | ||
Week 4:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 4 | DATE: 05/04/2020 | |||
| In this week I finish my assignment 2 with deliverable and project proposal plans where submitted on due date but due to covid-19 unexpected change on lecture where change to online lecture which is difficult to know how to communicate with faculty regarding the feedback of assignment 2. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
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Finish Assignment -2 |
31/03/2020 | 05/04/2020 | Mainly for assignment 2 we need to show for professor for the feedback which was expected to do. Due to covid-19 don’t know how to communicate and I directly submit my assignment2 | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
|
Due to covid-19 there is a communication gap between me and faculty where I was in tough time to know whether I was in right path in assignment2 .
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01/04/2020 | Submitted assignment 2 as per due date but not happy with submitting file without any proper check | Yes | ||
Week 5:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 5 | DATE: 17/04/2020 | |||
| In this week started working on assignment 3 by searching articles in google scholar, science directory and reviewing IEEE papers. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
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Preparing Annotated bibliography of the project, collecting secondary resources in Google Scholar
|
17/04/2020 | 17/04/2020 | Using scholarly search like google scholar, CSU primo, Science directory with help specific key word like automated airport security check, Artificial intelligence in international airport.. | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| .
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Week 6:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 6 | DATE: 23/04/2020 | |||
| Trouble in finding articles related to Introducing artificial intelligence in International Airport for security check with help of CRAAP test makes easy to find perfect 12 articles and started preparing journal synopsis. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
Preparation of Journal synopsis and aim of the project with appropriate methods |
23/04/2020 | 23/04/2020 | Finding the right article using CRAAP test.
Makes easy to select 12 articles to be explained in the journal synopsis |
||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
|
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Week 7:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 7 | DATE: 2/05/2020 | |||
| Completing the final doc of assignment 3 and solving some issues related to my document with help of faculty. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
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Final review of the articles of Annotated bibliography and Journal synopsis |
28/04/2020 | 2/05/2020 | Questions regarding writing the review of articles of Annotated bibliography and
Journal synopsis |
||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Written document was right or wrong.
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30/04/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor. | Yes | ||
Week 8:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 8 | DATE: 04/05/2020 | |||
| Uploaded the assignment 3 into Turnitin as per due date. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
assignment 3 |
10/05/2020 | 10/05/2020 | submitting the assignment 3 through Turnitin | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Nill
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Week 9:
| NAME: | Susheel Kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 9 | DATE: 11/05/2020 | |||
| Working on power point presentation with a greater number of tips given by faculty. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
Presentation of final project |
12/05/2020 | 12/05/2020 | Preparing the presentation makes more time in power point | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| How to do power point presentation.
|
14/05/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor in virtual online session. | Yes | ||
Week 10:
| NAME: | Susheel kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 10 | DATE: 22/05/2020 | |||
| Working on assignment 4 final document | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
Discussion on final document |
18/05/2020 | 22/05/2020 | Preparing the final document | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Multiple takes of final document presentation
|
20/05/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor. | Yes | ||
Week 11:
| NAME: | Susheel kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 11 | DATE: 29/05/2020 | |||
| Need to submit assignment 4 on 29/05/2020 but got extension up to 5th June
Where we can work more on final document |
|||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
| Need to submit assignment 4 but got extension to prepare more final document.
|
29/05/2020 | 29/05/2020 | Started working more on Preparing the presentation and final report. | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Discussion on final report structure
|
28/05/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor in the class by providing sample document structure | Yes | ||
Week 12:
| NAME: | Susheel kache | ||||
| PROJECT TITLE: | Introducing Artificial Intelligence in International Airport for Security Check | ||||
| WEEK NO: | 12 | DATE: 5/06/2020 | |||
| Finishing assignment 4 with presentation which needs to be submit on 29th may due to submission of all other assignment and need to work on presentation we got extension up to 5th June. | |||||
| PLANNING | |||||
| MILESTONE: | PLANNED: | ACTUAL: | COMMENT: | ||
|
Submitting assignment 4 with presentation |
5/06/2020 | 5/06/2020 | Difficult in doing presentation which took more number of takes to complete the presentation. | ||
| ISSUES | |||||
| DESCRIPTION: | DATE: | ACTION/RESULTS: | FINISHED (Y/N) | ||
| Question about final documentation
|
2/06/2020 | The issue was resolved by the supervisor by virtual discussion | Yes | ||