Collecting analytical data

The School Library Media Specialist (SLMS) in “Collection mapping” explores using collection maps to collect and analyse data in the school library setting. It details what a collection map is (a tool to provide an overview of the collection as it currently sits) as “an effective tool for decision making” (para. 11).

Using collection maps in a school  library provides the TL with a range of quantitative data, that the TL can then use to make informed decisions about future purchases and planning for the collection. The data it and subsequent emphasis mapping provides reveals strong and weak collections in terms of size, relevance, and appropriateness for the library’s cohort. However, SLMS further highlights how this data can then be futher used to inform future decisions. Comparing this quantiative data, as well as the qualitative data collection from further emphasis mapping, with circulation statistics will only serve to improve the quality of the analysis conducted by the TL. Doing so will allow the TL to identify what areas of the collection aren’t borrowed as frequently, and then compare this with the collection mapping data to determine if this is due to promotional issues, relevancy issue, quantity or quality issues.

After these analyses have been conducted, the TL can then use this collection mapping data to create short and long term goals for the collection, and further create selection procedures that match the curriculum and collection goals. Doing so will ensure that the collection maintains relevance, quality, and reflects the curriculum and student needs.

 

References

The School Library Media Specialist: Collection mapping  http://eduscapes.com/sms/program/mapping.html

2.5 Selection Criteria Activity

Select a resource and evaluate it according to the criteria listed above.
Consider which is the more appropriate approach for determining the general selection criteria to be used in a school, the general approach employed by many school libraries, or the alternative proposed by Hughes-Hassell and Mancall?
Can you think of an alternative approach which would incorporate the teaching and learning environment within the key general selection criteria?
Resource: Barker, M., & Scheele, J. (2019). Gender: A Graphic Guide.
Context: K-12 Central School
Primary Considerations
  • Appropriateness:
    • Content is not appropriate for all learners; appropriate for year 10+ conducting CAFS, S&C courses, etc.
    • Some words may need investigating; some students too developmentally young to access the resource due to mature content
    • may be of some interest to some students, but not all.
  • Scope
    • to educate readers of the scope, nature and history of the nature of gender (how it is informed, formed, etc.)
    • detail appropriate for older readers
    • presents a diverse view of gender; supports inclusivity
  • Accuracy
    • Material is u to date and accurate. Opinions and biases are not recognised. Sources identified within work, frequent references made to other works, specialists and experts.
  • Treatment
    • Style is appropriate for subject (cartoons used to illustrate – this is highly appealing for my learners). Stereotypes not avoided, as they are discussed in length about why they exist. Resource does reflect diverse society.
  • Arrangement and Organisation
    • Material is arranged and organised in a user-friendly manner.
  • Authority
    • Author is very knowledgeable, has published previous works on similar topics.
  • Comparison with other works
    • More engaging than other works as it is a graphic novel in structure and approach.
    • Same approach used with author’s previous works.
Secondary Considerations
  • Physical quality
    • physical elements support the purpose of the work and the learning styles of students
  • aesthetic quality
    • Yes – graphic novels are highly popular
  • literary merit
    • N/A
  • reputation of author, illustrator or producer
    • students do not currently use other works by the author
    • seniors may find it interesting in their stage 6 studies, as it may compliment their senior subjects

Selection and Management Issues around e-Books.

Foley, C. (2012). eBooks for leisure and learning. Scan, 31(4), 6-14.

What follows are notes on the selection and management issues around e-books as outlined by Foley’s work.

  • “access to, and reading of, ebooks was most prolific where there were planned, explicit learning activities. […] The targeted classes engaged in scaffolded learning activities were the highest users of the ebooks resources” (page 8). This suggests that students need to be provided with opportunities for ebook selection and access, and that organic access is minimal/limited in comparison.
  • budget must be considered in the selection of e-book providers. For smaller libraries, this additional cost may not be feasible.
  • contracts can have hidden costs
  • devices for use and access may need to be purchased, such as ereaders. These will need to be managed individually.
  • freely available e-books need to be added manually, and regularly checked to ensure users can still access the site/resource.

2.1 Selection in the School Context: Professional Reflection

Think about responsibility for resource selection. 

Discuss how the teacher librarian’s expertise and role is different from that required by all teachers.

All teachers are required by the AITSL standards to know about and utlise a vast array of resources to support learning in their curriculum areas. The TL differs in that they are expected to have a much deeper knowledge not only of resources required for curriculum learning, but how and where to find those resources, how to access them, provide access to them, support and encourage teacher use of them, and additionally have a wealth of knowledge on quality literature for student leisure and enjoyment. They must understand the diverse interests and characteristics of students across the entire school, and be well versed in current and aging quality literature to be able to match students with texts of interests. They must also have a deep understanding of what constitutes “quality” literature, where/how to find it (e.g. the range of awards for international and national literature, etc.), and what texts should be purchased to fill the gaps in collections.

Share ideas on how teacher librarians might effectively collaborate with the school community in the selection of resources in a school with which you are familiar.

First and foremost, a TL must be aware of what teachers are intending to teach, and the characteristics of the cohorts they are teaching, so that they may effectively cater to their needs by suggesting and providing access to appropriate, quality resources. Asking teachers what kinds of resources they use primarily, what resources they currently depend on, and what areas of the curriculum they feel could be further enriched is another excellent way to collaborate with teachers. Futher, TLs can source resources, and then discuss them with teachers prior to selection and acquisition to determine if they are a good fit for both the teacher and the curriculum content.

Consider also how to engage your learners in selection of resources for their school library.

Learners can be engaged in the selection of resources in many ways in the school library. Taking recommendations of texts for purchase is one such strategy. I recently implemented a Google Form Book Recommendation, and linked it to our library news page, so that students may formally submit requests for texts. Other means of taking recommendations and suggestions is verbally, or implementing a “suggestions box” at the front of the library. Alteratively, enlisting library leaders to survey students about what books they think would enrich the library collections is another stratgegy for engaging learners in the resource development of the library.

Who should have the final say on what is included? Why?

I think, to some extent, it should be the TL. Often I have students recommend texts to me with glowing reviews, and yet upon further research (or because I’ve read the text myself) I realise that the text would not, in fact, be appropriate for our school library, nor the age group the recommendation came from (such as texts with mature themes and excessive, graphic violence). Pigging books, for example, are often inquired about in my K-12 Central School, particularly by boys in year 4. However, investigations into such a topic has revealed that such books are often filled with gruesome, detailed and violent scenes, and often images, that are not appropriate for the school community to have access to.

The TL should take on board the needs, interests, and voices of all in the school community. However, as collection managaement is a highly important element of the TLs role, I believe the TL is most equipped to handle the final judgement on resources of interest.

2.1 Selection in the school context Activity

Review the model (p. 34) developed by Hughes-Hassell and Mancall (2005) – Chapter 4, Selecting resources for learning.
Note that it presents selection as a series of YES or NO decisions. In reality, many selection decisions are not this black and white, and involve a process of prioritising across a range of criteria.
Attempt to draft your own selection decision-making model or flowchart that considers a more complex set of choices and criteria.

ETL503 Pre-Study Thoughts, Questions and Reflections

What does resourcing the curriculum mean?

  • Ensuring teachers and students have access to resources in the physical collection that address and support curriculum content to be studied in school.
  • Ensuring teachers and students have access to resources in the digital collection that address and support curriculum content to be studied in school.
  • Ensuring teachers and students are aware of the resources they have access to that support their teaching and learning
  • Ensuring teachers and students are aware of how to access the resources they have access to through the school library
  • Ensuring the resources selected, maintained and kept in the collection are relevant, accurate, up to date, and reflective of the needs of the school community.

1.3 How might you go about resourcing a topic in the curriculum?

Choose a level of teaching and a curriculum topic and explore that area.  Consider how you might go about resourcing that topic.

Level: Stage 5

Curriculum topic: Rights and Freedoms

Question 1: What types of resources would you provide?

In order to support the classroom teacher teaching this topic, I would provide a range of fiction and non fiction texts that the library collection has to offer. Picture books in particular can be incredibly useful resources to teach history, as can novels (e.g. Freedom Ride) and graphic novels be.

There are also a plethora of Australian websites and online resources that can be accessed to support and enhance the learning of students completing this topic in stage 5.

In order to provide this support I would put together a resource kit that contains and lists all the texts avaiable to the classroom teacher.

Question 2: How/where would you find them?

My first port of call would be the ever-useful document “Human Society and Its Environment: Guide to Using Picture Books in History K-10“, which provides a diverse and vast range of picture books avaiable for viewing and use in history.

Next, I would consult with the local librarian about appropriate titles, would search the Oliver database for appropriate texts already in our collection, and would further look at bookseller websites and other library catalogues online for texts that address and suit the topic.

ETL402 AT2 Reflective Blog Post

Provide a critical reflection on how your views, knowledge, and understanding of the concept and application of literary learning has developed during this subject and how this will inform your future practice.

Upon reflection the unit has significantly increased my knowledge, views, and understanding of what literary learning is and how to apply it across the curriculum.  I did not know what a literary learning resource kit was or entailed at the start of the unit. A discussion post in response to another student shows my developing knowledge of literary learning elements (Coddington, 2021d). The first concept I learned about was literary non-fiction, demonstrated early in the unit in my discussion post (Coddington, 2021a) which revealed new understanding of literary nonfiction and preliminary knowledge of how to apply it to literary learning. I discussed using it to teach not only the history of Australia, but also key curriculum skills – something Flaim and Chiodo (1994, p.225) attest literature is highly useful for (Donaldson, 2001, p.24; Miller et. al., 2007, p.52; Peterson and Belizaire, 2006, p.37).

As the semester progressed it is clear from blog posts and engagement in the discussion forum that my learning had become more focused on genrefication, diversity in literature, and the potential for literature to be a lens through which complex topics are studied (Coddington, 2021f). In a discussion forum post on 27th April (Coddington, 2021b) about future arrangements of fiction collections I discussed genrefication, whilst there was a notable silence from myself in the threads discussing strategies to foster a love of reading.

I showed a shallow understanding of digital texts in discussion forum posts, mentioning only eBooks (Coddington, 2021c). Wiggins (2021), in contrast, discussed gamification of learning in her own practice, serving to highlight my lack of knowledge and experience not only about literary resources, but also how they can be applied in the curriculum through literary learning. I displayed a deeper understanding of e-Trends and how digital texts can be applied to literary learning in a blog post, demonstrating developing awareness of how digital texts can be applied to engage students in literary learning (Coddington, 2021e).

However, after completing the second assessment task, I have a much deeper understanding of what literary learning is, and how it can be applied in the curriculum, which will significantly impact in my future practice.  Literary learning is the use of literary texts as a pedagogical resource to facilitate engagement of and learning in the curriculum. It makes use of literature response strategies, such as book trailers, Socratic circles, bento boxes and literature circles, in the classroom to engage and motivate students (Peterson and Belizaire, 2006, p.37; Straits and Nichols, 2006, p.52). Using the literature as “springboards” into learning, literary nonfiction and fiction texts can be used to not only teach about subject specific language and skills (Flaim and Chiodo, 1994, p.225), but also develop critical literacy and digital literacy skills (Lintner, 2010, p.17).

This new, clearer understanding has implications for my practice. Now that I understand what literary learning is, I have already begun to put together literary resource kits in the library. In addition, I also feel significantly more confident in approaching teachers to collaborate to improve student learning. Taking my learning directly from assessment task 2, I have already begun to collaborate with the secondary Science teacher at my school to offer texts about sustainability next year in the sciences. In the future, collaboration and literary learning will only occur more frequently, to the betterment of students.

 

Word count: 550

 

Reference List

Coddington, M. (2021a, March 15). 2.2b: Literary nonfiction. Discussion forum post [ETL402 Interact2].

Coddington, M. (2021b, April 27). 3.3: Future arrangements of fiction collections. Discussion forum post [ETL402 Interact2].

Coddington, M. (2021c, May 2). 4.1: Digital publishing trends. Discussion forum post [ETL402 Interact2].

Coddington, M. (2021d, May 2). 5.2: Literate practices. Discussion forum post [ETL402 Interact2].

Coddington, M. [monica.coddington1] (2021e, April 20). e-Literature and e-Trends – How will technology impact the TL? The Learning of a Teacher Librarian in Training. https://thinkspace.csu.edu.au/teacherlibrarianintraining/category/etl402-literature-across-the-curriculum/

Coddington, M. [monica.coddington1] (2021f, March 7). Diversity: The future of children’s literature. https://thinkspace.csu.edu.au/teacherlibrarianintraining/category/etl402-literature-across-the-curriculum/

Donaldson, D. (2001). Teaching Geography’s four traditions with Poetry, Journal of Geography, 100(1), p.24-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340108978414

Flaim, M. & Chiodo, J. (1994). A Novel Approach to Geographic Education: Using Literature in the Social Studies. The Social Studies.September/October, p. 225-227

Lintner, T. (2010). Using Children’s Literature to Promote Critical Geographic Awareness in Elementary Schools. The Social Studies, 101, p. 17-21. DOI: 10.1080/00377990903283981

Miller, L., Straits, W., Kucan, L., Trathen, W., and Dass, M. (2007). Literature Circle Roles for Science Vocabulary. The Science Teacher, 74(5), p.52-56.

Peterson, S. & Belizaire, M. (2006). Another Look at Roles in Literature Circles. Middle School Journal, 37(4), p.37-43. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23024485

Straits, W. & Nichols, S. (2006). Methods & Strategies: Literature Circles for Science. Science and Children, 44(3), p. 52-55.

Wiggins, E. (2021, April). 4.1: Digital publishing trends. Discussion forum post [ETL402 Interact2].

 

Helpful Definitions

A list of helpful definitions collected over the course of my TL education. 

Critical literacy: the analysis and critique of the relationships among texts, language, power, social groups and social practices. It shows us ways of looking at written, visual, spoken, multimedia and performance texts to question and challenge the attitudes, values and beliefs that lie beneath the surface” (Tasmanian Department of Education, 2009).

Literacy: the integration of listening, speaking, reading, writing and critical thinking. It includes a cultural knowledge which enables a speaker, writer or reader to recognise and use language appropriate to different social situations. It is the making of meaning and its clear communication to others

Literacy Learning: learning to be literate. Learning how to decode/read literature, how to deconstruct it, and how to use the literacy skills developed.

Literary Learning: learning through literature – learning by actually reading literature, through a literature-based curriculum.

Transliteracy: the ability to read, write and interact across a range of platforms, tools and media from signing and orality through handwriting, print, TV, radio and film, to digital social networks

e-Literature and e-Trends – How will technology impact the TL?

Libraries are changing – this is no secret for those of us who are patrons to and managers of libraries. They are adapting and growing and developing – changes that are being made in light of, most significantly, Web 2.0 technologies. The school library I work in, and the libraries I visit, look vastly different from the libraries I had access to as a teenager even 8 years ago. There is a growing movement towards eBooks, where students can access the library collection online from any device. What a world to live in…

On the rise is the newer trend, one that appeals to young students’ love not only of engaging with stories, but also with technology – a source of much contention and yet such potential as a learning device (Stasiak, 2011). Since iPads have risen in popularity, producers have worked to create interactive eBooks for younger audiences – some as young as 18 months old (Stasiak, 2011). In these apps, children can direct the story themselves. They see the effect of their actions as they make decisions to drive the story along a path of their own choosing, listening to and watching their “character” interact with the space they inhabit. Children and students can now be more immersed in a story than ever before.

However, consider this: in a world where library patrons can access the books they require and desire using a tablet whenever they please, and when young children can (and might prefer) interacting physically with a story that they guide themselves on a tablet device, working independently and at their own pace, what role does the TL now play in schools?

Haughton (2015) provides a comprehensive list of quality interactive eBooks for young children, highlighting the educational benefits of each. Some have explicit links to STEM, some inspire curiosity and wonder. Others re-create classic texts with more interactivity (seemingly for the sake of it). Here the TLs role shifts. Now, there is opportunities for TLs to introduce worlds to students through print-based books, and then guide deeper exploration in such worlds through interactive apps. The possibilities of integrating STEM into library lessons also becomes more possible and engaging with interactive digital books such as “TinyBop: The Human Body” for primary school aged children. The TL can move towards fostering curiosity and wonder-driven immersion in books where students can immediately explore cause and effect and learn in a more interactive manner than ever before. Still, then, in this sense is the TL a facilitator of student-driven learning.

However, Haughton also makes clear that there is an abundance of such texts in the digital world. It is important, now more than ever, that the TL acts as collection manager of a collection of quality, and conducts thorough research into these programs and books prior to adding them to the collection. If students are to explore digital story-telling in a meaningful fashion, with meaningful results, then they should be exposed to quality literature and literature programs.

Even with the changes heralded by this e-trend, the TL must still stand as the expert selector of quality educational resources for their students.

 

References

Haughton, C. (2015, January 4). Top 10 book and bookish apps for young children. The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2015/jan/04/top-10-book-and-bookish-apps-for-children-chris-haughton

Stasiak, K. (2011). iTots: True Digital Natives. https://www.slideshare.net/KatStasiak/itots-true-digital-natives