A definition of information appears to be contextually based and therefore to many an individually easy to define or at least describe concept. However, there are significant differences from the classical view of data being independent in existence from knowledge, interpretation, and perception (Stonier, 1990, p1), contrasted by the semantic definition where information derived from meaning and context (Zhong, 2017, p2). There is at least consensus that whether information exists on its own or needs context, it is useful and there to be used.
The use of information is critical to the role of its user but raises questions about usefulness. The hierarchy of information (Wideman, 2008, s.4) builds on the many versions of information by using each as a step towards wisdom. The existence of data requires meaning and relationships to be evident to become information providing a nexus between the classical and semantic definitions. However, Wideman goes further to suggest that on a continuum, information exists for its users as an evolution where it is dependent on the understanding of the user to progress further into stages of knowledge and wisdom. Information is therefore malleable in the strategies employed by the user who is making connections using their own experiences and context.
Stonier T (1990) Information and the internal structure of the universe. https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/pii/026840129290055U?via%3Dihub
Wideman, R. M. (2008). The information hierarchy, slide 4 [Powerpoint slides]. http://www.maxwideman.com/issacons/iac1013d/sld004.htm
Zhong, Y. (2017). A Theory of Semantic Information, Proceedings, 1(129), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/IS4SI-2017-04000
