Tag: Information
ETL503- Module 5: Evaluating collections
5.1 Collection evaluation
The resources provide a handy How-To article from the National Library of New Zealand Services to Schools (n.d.)- Assessing your school library collection, almost giving step-by-step suggestions when evaluating a collection, which is great for first time librarians and as a refresher. This sequence of events could be added to the Library Policy to ensure consistency and establish procedures when evaluating the collection.
In Forum 5.1, Methods of collection analysis, discuss which of these methods are suitable and practical in school libraries, and which ones you will use.
Working as a Librarian in a small school one and a half days a week, I can’t imagine how collection mapping could be achieved without support from the staff. Even working with pre-organised Scope & Sequence and Curriculum documents, it is a boat load of work for one person alone.
I still believe, however, that evaluating the collection is critical.
At my school, there have been several librarians in the past five years. Our non-fiction section has not had a stocktake for almost that long and our shelves are bursting with physical books on random topics that seem to have no order or theme.
In evaluating the collection, I would rely on both methods of assessment, but focus the initial inquiry on data supplied by:
Quantitative
Use and User-based
- Circulation statistics
- In-house use statistics
- E-resources use statistics
Collection-based
- Collection size and growth statistics
- Content overlap statistics
- Comparisons between different sections in the library
Qualitative
Use and User-based
- User opinions- to find topics of interest
Collection-based
- Collection mapping
A great visual resource when weeding! Original resource located here.
I think the above infographic and various resources suggested in the readings is a great place to start when developing a weeding policy. Everything put in place must be added to the ongoing library policy to ensure consistency in future years.
ETL504- Case Study 4: Reflection
Written: May 9, 2020
Published: May 23, 2020
Our second group work activity. I found the group fell into a similar pattern of brainstorming then distribiuting tasks as in the first task, though this time, it was with more confidence. Some people were comfortable vocalising their preferences and strengths, while others were more comfortable agreeing and inserting themselves after the initial discussion, either due to confidence or timing issues.
During this activity, one member of our group was waylaid by life and struggled to commit to the task, and so, contacted Jennie, who sat in on our discussions ready to support if necessary. She seemed pleased by our communication and the distribution of responsibilities.
All members contributed with thoughtful discussion points and then seperated to work on their topics and wiki pages seperately, as chosen by individuals based on strengths and interests. Some members took the time to review each post priot to publishing for editting, referencing and fact checking.
Linda established a review thread after the task to help coordinate reflections amongst the group. I, myself, did not contribute aside from agreeing to details of Case Study 5, as I was overwhelmed by the ongoing COVID changes and what it meant for my work. With that said, I can see that there was thoughtful reflection and suggestions made with future collaboration in mind. The members questioned whether we have been working as self-distributing leaders of collaborative instructional leads, with arguments for both. Personally, I would consider our main leadership style to be self-distributive, as we are taking on tasks based on experience, rather than allocation (Harris, 2010). Additionally, there has been a trust developed amongst members that the quality of work produced will be high and submitted in a timely fashion.
I am anxious about Case Study 5 as it is due very soon after Case STudy 4 and, shortly after, Assessment 2 is due. Adding this to the impact of COVID and a recently increased workload, I will attempt to engage with the group regularly and prioritise the case study in order to complete it. However, I would like to take on more of a servant leadership role in supporting the others in providing resources, timely feedback and editting, rather than offering a whole contribution (Burkus, 2010).
References
Burkus, D. (2010, April 1). Servant leadership theory. https://davidburkus.com/2010/04/servant-leadership-theory/
Harris, A. (2014, September 29). Distributed leadership. Teacher Magazine, ACER. https://www.teachermagazine.com.au/articles/distributed-leadership
ETL504- Module 2.3: Leadership Attributes
Activity and Reflection
At this point in the subject think about strategies to take you from TL, the keeper and stamper of the books and the quiet space (library) (how many of our colleagues perceive TLs), to become something different. Make a set of notes using your new understandings to support your arguments and conclusions.
The Digital Promise staff article (2016) suggests that TLs in Vancouver were feeling very much like some TLs in Australia- isolated and undervalued as staff members. While that is not the case everywhere, it took a collective effort from librarian staff to change the general perception of TLs, beginning by changing their own understandings of their roles, and the outlook of district leaders. Redefining their roles, changing their responsibilities and renewing their sense of purpose resulted in crafting new roles and opportunities for these TLs and carving out a new path for the school libraries in Vancouver. Additionally, they were able to integrate technology into learning and move towards project-based learning, which is where Australian libraries are currently headed (Boyle, Collins, Kinsey, Noonan & Pocock, 2016).
I think that, allowing TLs to redefine their own roles, in collaboration with executive staff, and considering the needs of each school in context will result in greater job satisfaction and relevance of TLs within the school hierarchy (Digital Promise, 2016). From there, executive staff must promote and support the development of these new roles by allowing TLs to contribute to the school community, giving time during meetings for TL input, specifically, and encouraging other staff members to acknowledge and support TLs in their new roles- lead by example!
Under these redefined roles, TLs can develop a vision or goal/s for their space, planning and initiatives. Sharing these with staff and involving them in achieving these goals, while also supporting their teaching will build positive relationships and encourage collaborative teaching and planning (Hutchinson, 2017) to support student development. Sharing and highlighting articles to support their vision will develop a clearer understanding amongst staff and get them closer to being on the same page, making the achievement of these goals more realistic.
I think, when it comes down to it, organisation and planning are going to be key in redefining and re-establishing relevance (Digital Promise, 2016) of TLs in school as well as support from executive, with an outlook to integrate technology and collaborative teaching and planning.
In the end, I believe that TLs have no choice but to be a leader; no one is going to press initiatives, develop integrated planning, programs and design new spaces for us. If we don’t lead this change, then things will stay the same as they have always been.
References
Boyle, E., Collins, M., Kinsey, R., Noonan, C. & Pocock, A. (2016). Making the case for creative spaces in Australian libraries. The Australian Library Journal, 65(1), 30-40. https://primo.csu.edu.au/permalink/61CSU_INST/15aovd3/informaworld_s10_1080_00049670_2016_1125756
Digital Promise (2016). The new librarian: Leaders in the digital age. In SCIS Connections. https://www.scisdata.com/connections/issue-96/the-new-librarian-leaders-in-the-digital-age/
Hutchinson, E. (2017). Navigating the information landscape through collaboration. In SCIS Connections. https://www.scisdata.com/connections/issue-101/navigating-the-information-landscape-through-collaboration
INF506 Module 5- OLJ Task 13: Information trends
OLJ Task 13: Information trends
Watch the video and identify five (5) examples of ‘shifts’ or trends that can have an impact on how individuals behave as a digital citizens. Then outline (in around 400 words) how you believe these behaviours can impact on the need for, and development of, information policy in organisations to address these behaviours. You may wish to explore these from either a user/customer perspective or employee/employer perspective, or a combination of both, and you may wish to consider this task within the specific context of your own library and/or organisation, or you can address this task in general terms.
Word count: 434
1) 28% of 18-24s use social media as their main source of news
2) 54% of Facebook users only use their mobile to access the platform
3) 88% of Facebook ad revenue and 86% of Twitter ad revenue comes from mobile ads
4) 95 million photos and videos are posted on Instagram every day
5) 3 billion snaps are sent out each day
How can these behaviours impact on the need for, and development of, information policy in organisations to address these behaviours?
Di Gangi, Johnston, Worrell & Thompson (2018) discuss what can go wrong in social media and, from the above list, two things that stand out to me are the risk of over-sharing on social media in an effort to compete with the enormous amounts of content being produced each day and unreliable user-generated content.
As the sheer amount of content posted each day continues to increase, it is important that organisations do not become obsessed with producing meaningless posts to ‘keep up’ with others. Instead, it is important that social media is making positive, lasting impacts on the community and contributing to goals and targets as part of the social media strategy (King, 2015). Developing policy on the type of content and the brand of the organisation is vital to developing a cohesive social media strategy (Rathore, 2017).
Di Gangi, et.al. (2018) warn against the risk of decreased productivity of staff due to preoccupation with social media platforms in the name of work. To prevent this, information policy should include guidelines as to how long and how many posts should be published over a time period and who should be involved to ensure continued staff efficiency in other areas and reduce staff distraction. Additionally, specifying who is involved (manager, committee members etc.) allows for monitoring of post content to ensure that the organisation and brand is being represented in the best light (Di Gangi, et. al., 2018; Rathore, 2017).
With such a high percentage of 18-24s utilising social media as their main source of news there is a risk that unmonitored posts may contain incorrect information, which is then distributed and circulated as fact. This could lead to reputation damage for various parties and infringement of copyright and other laws (Di Gangi, et.al., 2018; Meese & Hagedorn, 2019). As such, the development of factual accuracy in information policies is essential to preventing the spreading of misinformation. For example, implementing fact checking and publishing procedures prior to posting can prevent miswritten facts and avoid implying offence.
Knowing that such a large percentage of revenue is driven by mobile phone usage and advertisement, and that a large number of social media users only use their mobiles to access different platforms, content must be developed to be suitable, specifically, for mobile devices (Rathore, 2017; Adner & Kapoor, 2016). It should be considered on an individual basis, whether or not organisations require paid social media advertising. Bunker (2017), explains in her case study that the ‘Seed Library’ did not utilise paid advertising, but instead relied upon existing and developing networking connections across social media and in the local community with successful outcomes.
References
Adner, R., & Kapoor, R. (2016). Right tech, wrong time. Harvard Business Review, 94(11), 60-67.
Bunker, L. (2017). Picking a platform and finding a voice. In S. W. H. Young & D. Rossmann (Eds.), Using Social Media to Build Library Communities : A LITA Guide. Blue Ridge Summit, UNITED STATES: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Di Gangi, P. M., Johnston, A. C., Worrell, J. L., & Thompson, S. C. (2018). What could possibly go wrong? A multi-panel Delphi study of organizational social media risk. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(5), 1097-1116. doi: 10.1007/s10796-016-9714-2
King, D. L. (2015). Analytics, goals, and strategy for social media. Library Technology Reports, 51(1), 26-32.
Meese, J., & Hagedorn, J. (2019). Mundane content on social media: Creation, circulation, and the copyright problem. Social Media + Society, 5(2). doi:10.1177/2056305119839190
Rathore, S. (2017, August 22). 7 Key steps in creating an effective social media marketing strategy. [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.socialmediatoday.com/social-business/7-key-steps-creating-effective-social-media-marketing-strategy
INF506 Module 3- OLJ Task 5: Social news sites
| OLJ Task 5: Social news sites
Check out two of the social news sites listed above. How do these platforms help you improve the relevance of the articles recommended to you? How could these sites be used in a professional sense? What issues could you identify when using them? Write a post of 400 words in your OLJ. |
Word count: 377
Reddit & Newsvine
My initial impression of Reddit was that it was very amateur-looking and disorganised with headlines like ‘Mechanics of Reddit, what’s the dumbest thing you’ve seen someone do to their vehicle?’. Additionally, the layout is very similar to a Facebook or Instagram feed, making it easily accessible to audiences and the joining of ‘communities’ quick and easy, but not something I would count on for current and accurate news. Then, I noticed the like scales on the left and I suppose that the most ‘liked’ story at that point in time gets pushed to the top, which explains the seemingly random order of articles. Additionally, I noticed the brackets to the right of each article, eg v.reddit.it, self.Ask.reddit, en.wikipedia.org, which, I have to assume give an idea as to who has published or contributed to the story. This would influence how legitimate I view the story. Part of the problem, however, is that sites like Reddit and Wikipedia are open to public editing and contribution, meaning people can post just about whatever they like in these forums. It is difficult to confirm the relevance and sincerity of each article without further investigation, however, sites like these could serve a purpose in businesses if you are investigating current trends, info grabs and determine whether or not your product/business/story is being shared and liked.
Newsvine, when I opened it was much more pleasing to look at with its clearly organised sections and, at first glance, I would not have known it was a ‘wiki’. Additionally, the viewer is immediately presented with a different content, most stories relating to politics in some way. It isn’t until you scroll down that you encounter pop culture news. Again, I would prefer to confirm the stories found on this site on my own, but I would consider it more reliable than Reddit simply because of its layout and choice of content. This site could be utilised in business to track political trends, however has little to do with current popular trends and does not, from what I can tell, accept contributions by the general public. I feel like this site would be more utilised by professional business people with an interest in politics and little time to read long, jargon-filled articles.
INF506 Assessment item 1: OLJ creation and first entry
INF506 Assessment item 1: OLJ creation
1. Define what social networking means to you in a professional sense
The online Cambridge Dictionary (2019) provides two definitions for ‘social networking’
“1) The use of websites and other internet services to communicate with other people and make friends
2) The activity of sharing information and communicating with groups of people using the internet, especially through websites that are specially designed for this purpose”
When I think of ‘social networking’, I automatically have an image in mind of a physical conference with numerous professionals in suits with pens, perhaps a more traditional view.
Combining these ideas, taking into account the age of technology in which we live today, I would have to say that professional social networking is:
The act of communicating with others by engaging in internet-based environments, to form professional contacts, using these links to share information, ask questions and develop programs and abilities. Social networking also provides the opportunity for engaging new audiences, advertising and developing products and promoting events.
As time goes on, I am sure I will adapt my definition as my understanding expands.
2. List what social networking technologies and sites you already use (for personal, work and study purposes)
Currently, I use Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, WhatsApp and Weebly in my personal life. I also use Yammer, Interact2, SkoolBag, ClassCover and Seek.com professionally. I have a Twitter account but have not used it regularly for some time.
3. Describe what you expect to learn from completing INF506
I would expect to come across some new social media platforms and perhaps gain some specialist experience in the more mainstream platforms while developing ideas on how to integrate them into the school environment. I would like to find out how other schools are using social media to engage the community and which platforms they prefer. I would also like to come up with a plan to employ in my school environment in the coming year.
Reference List
Social networking (2019) In Cambridge Dictionary: English Dictionary. Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/social-networking
EER500 Week 10
Finally had time to sit down and pick through some EER500 readings in prep for the last assignment.
I think this assignment is too big for my brain. Lucky there is this handy blog here to hold my musings as they progress.
Chapter 9: structured interviewing
My intention in Assessment 3- Research Proposal is to utilise some form of interview process, although I am currently torn between structured or semi-structured interviews and am considering doing a variation of both in my proposed project. I think is important to use this tool as it is the most commonly used method of data collection in social research for a reason.
After reading this chapter, I can say that there is a place for both forms of interview and find myself leaning towards a mixed methodology approach as I would like to marry together both qualitative and quantitative data in my investigation regarding ‘the perceived impact of students with emotional behaviour disorder and trauma backgrounds on the self-efficacy and workload of New South Wales mainstream primary school teachers‘.
By choosing this topic (pending approval from the almighty!) I will be looking at two areas of percieved impact of EBD and trauma students on:
1)the self-efficacy levels of their teachers
2) and the workload adopted by their teachers as a result of supporting these students
This will then link back around to the impact on teacher self-efficacy.
I am thinking, by utilising, initially, a structured interview, with the inclusion of questions involving the Likert scale (do you think your EBD and/or trauma student has impacted your self-efficacy and workload: Strongly agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree, Strongly Disagree), I will be able to take a broad look at the mind-set and feelings of teachers supporting these students. From there, utilising semi-structured interviews with open ended questions might provide more detail on specific outstanding data from the initial survey.
One of my concerns is that the nature of this topic might embarrass some staff members or lead to unintentional social desirability bias- few people want to admit if or when they are struggling with something and this is a topic that can potentially be affected by social pressure to be ‘just fine’. In some ways, establishing a face-to-face interview may entice staff to be open with the interviewer and establish rapport, however, as Bryman (2012) warns, it may also lead to interviewer attributes impacting respondents’ replies. As a result it could be worthwhile utilising telephone or computer technology to assist in research.
Chapter 10: Self-completion Questionnaires
In an effort to the remove potential bias related to face-to-face and voice-contact interviews, I would consider using self-completion questionnaires to survey teachers of EBD and trauma students as participants are sometimes more likely to give honest feedback, particularly when said questionnaires are anonymous. A slight problem is that these questionnaires need to be simple, short and to the point without room for variance in answers. That said, they could still be useful in the initial stages of research.
I am considering the use of self-completing questionnaires to determine the context of each teacher eg How many st in your school/class? Age/Year/Gender, How many EBD/trauma students in your school/class? Ethnic backgrounds consisting of; Aboriginal, Anglo-saxon etc etc.
Additionally, I would consider investigating how much formal training staff have been given to support EBD/trauma students using bracket ranges to help understand the additional time spent training for these students (adding to workload) and the comparison between trained and untrained teachers and their perceived self-efficacy.
I liked the concept of diaries as recording tools and, although I admit, as a teacher, I would have to really focus to use them, I could see the tool being useful in tracking effects on things such as confidence, optimism and believing in your own ability to achieve. I would use this to track the teachers perceived self-efficacy through the day and maybe even offer space for reflection at the end. I am unsure whether I would specifically ID the presence of EBD or trauma children or ask staff to briefly tick-box who was in the room at the time of recording eg whole class, small group of students, EBD/trauma student/s, other staff etc.
References
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (4th Edition).
Available from https://www.researchgate.net
With that overloading my brain, I will take a break and find myself some food!
Good luck fellow students, last assessment for this course- we are nearly there!
😉
ETL401 Week 5-7 Discussion Posts
Basically, I have done a massive catch-up on the ETL401 course discussion posts today because I seem to have fallen incredibly behind. Is anyone else struggling to keep up with the discussion posts, blog posts, readings (plus ‘essential readings’) in this course?
3.2 The role of the TL
| Organisation | Similarities | Differences |
| Herring
|
All 3 authors specifically state that TLs have a multifaceted, complicated, sometimes underestimated role in schools and discuss the different roles of TLs. They all agree that TLs should be and are an integral part of the school environment and not a stand-alone place/tool in the school toolbox. All 3 focus on the use of terms ‘media specialist’ and ‘media centre’ suggesting they have moved away from the traditional view of librarians as book monitors. Lamb (2011) and Herring (2007) both discuss the need for prioritisation of TL roles. |
Herring (2007) discusses the use of school internet and intranet specifically. |
| Purcell
|
Purcell (2010) determined that the TL must be the one to define their role for clear expectations of all staff. | |
| Lamb
|
- How should TLs prioritise the roles they play in the school?
TL roles will be different in each school environment as each one is different with different needs. Purcell (2010) suggests that TLs be in charge of defining their roles to ensure clarity of expectations amongst staff. I agree that TLs must have a large input into the determination of their role but, I also believe that this definition must be a collaborative decision between TL, teaching staff and executive. This collaboration will help develop the TL role as a best fit to the school needs and, from there, TLs can prioritise which roles they take on and justify why.
- Are there other roles played by TLs eg social roles?
Of course. From personal experience, I have been able to initiate quiet play groups, student support groups and reading support groups during library and play time to support student social development. I would suggest that TLs are in a prime position to support social skill development and establish a quiet place for play for those students requiring additional social support.
- How do Lamb’s views on the TL’s role compare and contrast with those of Herring and Purcell?
See table above.
- What existing tasks/roles do you think you, as a TL, could give up in order to be as proactive as Lamb and Valenza want you to be?
I definitely think ‘website devleoper’ could be something to hand off to other staff while maintaining minimal contributions to advertise the library and its events/content. Additionally, the collaborative development of programs with class teachers would lighten the TL load significantly.
- Would you change the order of the roles Purcell identifies eg should teacher come first?
Personally, I don’t believe Purcell (2010) intended to list the roles with one being more important than another. The layout of the paper simply resulted in this being the assumption. Looking at the diagram on Page 31 of the article, you will see that all roles surround the School Media Specialist role, equally placed. I think that each TL will prioritise these roles depending on the need at the time and should remain fluid throughout their role to reprioritise as needed.
Reference
Herring, J. (2007). Teacher librarians and the school library. In S. Ferguson (Ed.) Libraries in the twenty-first century: charting new directions in information (p. 27-42). Wagga Wagga, NSW: Centre for Information Studies, Charles Sturt University. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 3]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899459_1
Lamb, A. (2011). Bursting with potential: Mixing a media specialist’s palette. Techtrends: Linking research & practice to improve learning, 55(4), 27-36. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 3]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899459_1
Purcell, M. (2010). All librarians do is check out books right? A look at the roles of the school library media specialist. Library media connection 29(3), 30-33. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 3]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899459_1
3.3 The Principal and the TL
Currently, I am working alongside a wonderful Principal in a very small school and I find her support imperative to achieve just about anything. As I am new to the school, she as an invaluable font of information on previous library processes and the community. Additionally, she is very open minded and willing to listen to new ideas like Drop Ins for kids and parents after school as we don’t have enough staff to have the library open during lunch time.
As for myself, I am able to use my knowledge of technology and experience with developing research and technology skills to supplement areas she is unfamiliar with. Currently, we are planning a history unit together that will differentiate and support Stage 2 and 3 and other collaborative projects that will benefit the school, as suggested by Fitzgerald (2019). I am lucky that she is supportive of all staff and recognises that the library and the TL have a big impact on the student development of reading and writing skills (Bonanno, 2011).
I think that true collaboration (Montiel-Overall, 2005; Langford, 2008) is key, particularly in such a small school. By supporting me in my goal to develop inquiry skills, my principal is giving me the opportunity to support other staff in their classroom programs which, in turn, support her position as principal in the development of student skills and achievements. Additionally, having a supportive executive encourages me to involve myself more fully in the community of the school and potentially invest more time and effort into the school environment and development.
With that said, I don’t think the Principal/TL relationship is exclusive and that it must also include teaching and admin staff for the whole system to work.
References
Bonanno, K. (2011). Opinion: Do school libraries really make a difference? Incite 32/5 Available at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/inCiteALIA/2011/97.pdf
Fitzgerald, L. (2019). The role of the teacher librarian (TL). In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
Langford, L. (2008). Collaboration: Force or forced, Part 2, 27/1, 31-37. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
Montiel-Overall (2005). Toward a theory of collaboration for teachers and librarians, School library media research 8/1-31 In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 3]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899459_1
3.4 Accountability in practice
Previously, I have used exit tickets and video and still photography to collect and analyse data in classroom environments and would definitely utilise both again as they provide immediate evidence of engagement and student input into the relevance, enjoyment and understanding of topics.
Additionally, with the development of inquiry learning occurring at my school, I predict I will be assessing and giving feedback on students inquiry projects.
I would like to use digital libraries to assess student reading levels but, in my small school, it will be some time before that is able to be taught to the students and rolled out simply due to their technology skill levels.
4.1a Search activity
Garrison, K. L., FitzGerald, L. & Sheerman, A. (2018). ‘Just let me go at it’: Exploring students’ use and perceptions of guided inquiry, 21. Available from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1182159.pdf
I chose this article for a few reasons that interested me:
- Use of mixed-method information gathering
- What do students think GI is?
- What do students think of GI? How useful/helpful it is to them?
- Australian school used as sample
Unfortunately, the sampled students were in secondary school, not primary so, to recreate this research in my own interest area would require tweaking of methods and questions. Additionally, there was no comment on how long students had been involved with GI nor how intensely.
Still, an interesting read to determine the impression and, to some extent, the success of GI in the eyes of Year 9 students.
4.1b Inquiry learning
Are the acquisitions of 21st century skills and the focus on accountability mutually exclusive?
Not at all. Currently, I believe there is too great a focus on accountability of teachers to see their students achieve specific outcomes eg Basic Skills Tests, NSW. However, there maintains an element of necessity in regards to accountability- teachers and TLs must have guidance in keeping education relatively uniform so we can say that students are graduating school with at least basic levels of reading and writing.
The development of 21st century skills is vital in order to produce students who are successful in life OUTSIDE of school. That said, the skills they need to develop in school must be more than the traditional reading, writing and arithmetic. They must become creative, flexible thinkers, familiar with developing technologies and developing new ideas to support the transformative world they will be working and living in (Tucker, 2014). The use of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Guided Inquiry (GI) in schools is one way to help develop students problem solving, interest in investigation and lateral thinking.
References
Tucker, M. S. (2012). Tucker’s lens: On 21st century skills. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
4.2 The challenges
Having worked in the UK for 2 years, I was able to experience their planning and assessment procedures, which included team RFF time each week for teachers on the same stage to collaborate on planning, resulting in a lowered workload and similar lessons and topics being covered across the stage. This collaboration made work days shorter, stress loads lighter and encouraged a positive, collegial environment.
Unfortunately, in Australia I have noted a divide between teachers, rather than a willingness to collaborate, with many CTs reluctant to share their programs, lessons and resources. This is improving slowly with the development of online environments such as Teachers Pay Teachers and communities like Butterfly Wings, created specifically for sharing programs.
- Unfortunately, due to confusion over the roles of TL (Fitzgerald, 2019), CT reluctance to share or ‘lose’ their programs and lessons and potential personality clashes, the concept of collaboration, particularly with TLs is something that needs to be approached sensitively and depending on the person or people you would aim to work alongside. I think it is important to clearly outline the expectations eg this collaboration will be used in classes ABC and these people with have these responsibilities. Additionally, it must be clear that ALL parties will be receiving credit and contributing to the assessment of the unit/lesson to continue to review, adapt and improve the final product.
Another way to approach the topic of collaboration, aside from reassuring all credits are shared, would be to suggest the lightening of the workload- for example, I an teaching an enquiry unit currently, based on the history topic for Stage 2 and 3. We are learning how to search for information while gathering information on a familiar topic which students can take back to class to contribute to their in-class learning. Additionally, I am keeping assessment records of information gathering and IT use for end of year reports. - In short, Bonanno (2011) explains that TLs and libraries contribute to literacy results, development of ICT capabilities, information learning and staff professional development amongst other things. Utilising TLs in this way can potentially lighten the load for overworks CTs and provide another avenue for student assessment in various areas, including literacy, speaking and listening and ICT development. Unlike CTs, TLs have the space and potentially the opportunity to introduce inquiry based learning to students initially, which can then be traken into classrooms. Alternatively, TLs can support students in inquiry based learning in the library, sharpening skills already being used in the classroom (Fitzgerald, 2019).
I think that true collaboration (Montiel-Overall, 2005; Langford, 2008) is key, particularly in such a small school. By supporting me in my goal to develop inquiry skills, for example, my principal is giving me the opportunity to support other staff in their classroom programs which, in turn, support her position as principal in the development of student skills and achievements. Additionally, having a supportive executive encourages me to involve myself more fully in the community of the school and potentially invest more time and effort into the school environment and development.
References
Bonanno, K. (2011). Opinion: Do school libraries really make a difference? Incite 32/5 Available at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/inCiteALIA/2011/97.pdf
Butterfly Wings at https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=butterfly%20wings
Fitzgerald, L. (2019). The role of the teacher librarian (TL). In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
Langford, L. (2008). Collaboration: Force or forced, Part 2, 27/1, 31-37. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
Montiel-Overall (2005). Toward a theory of collaboration for teachers and librarians, School library media research 8/1-31 In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 3]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899459_1
Teachers Pay Teachers at https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/
4.3_1 Curriculum creation and delivery at my school
I would say that the development and delivery of curriculum at my school generally follows the Curriculum Design Principles from Review of the Curriculum Report (Fitzgerald, 2019) with a specific focus on relevance to the local environment and community and development of parent-friendly language.
Staff have the freedom to create, buy or source units of work that fit into the scope and sequence of each subject, which has been designed collaboratively with other CTs, executive and TLs. In terms of assessment, each CT addresses this in their own way but, I have noticed a large swing towards Wiggins and McTighe’s (2005) ‘backward design’ and this is a process I prefer, myself.
As I am working at an exceptionally small school, with a forward-thinking, open minded principal, we are lucky enough to be able to tailor learning to the needs of our students so long as we continually make links back to the social and local environment in order to make learning relevant to our students.
References
Review of the Australian curriculum final report (2014). Retrieved from https://docs.education.gov.au/node/36269 In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
Wiggins, G.& McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design. (Ed. 2) Association for supervision and curriculum development (ASCD): Alexandria, Va. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 4]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899464_1
4.3_2 The TL and curriculum
From personal experience and further reading, I believe it is important to develop a school environment that is inclusive and collaborative. To achieve this, it is important that all staff are involved in curriculum development and planning with the opportunity to comment, critique and support changes. By including TLs, CTs have the opportunity to help expand student thinking and impress that learning does not occur in a vacuum (Lamb, 2011). Additionally, there is potential for the improvement of current resources or the development of new resources by utilising TL experience and specialities.
It is realistic, I think, for principals to expect their staff to work collaboratively in schools in order to ensure a flowing, positive environment that supports learners. By planning units of work together, staff are potentially sharing the workload, ensuring a second look over of programs to determine their suitability and relevance to students, ensuring strong links to learning.
By not including TLs in curriculum planning, staff are risking a disconnect between classroom and library. This would not benefit students as the library should be used as a place to sharpen research skills and consolidate learning. By leaving out TLs and the library from programming, staff are potentially saying that the learning occurring in their room has no relevance outside of it, lessening student connection and the opportunity for deeper learning. Additionally, there is the potential for clashing or repeating programs.
References
Lamb, A. (2011). Bursting with potential: Mixing a media specialist’s palette. Techtrends: Linking research & practice to improve learning, 55(4), 27-36. In ETL401: Introduction to teacher librarianship, [Module 3]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899459_1
ETL401 Week 2 & 3 module responses
2.1
What is information?
From this module, I have learned that information is a complicated concept but there are two main types of information: semantic & classic.
Semantic information is concerned with meaning, without getting hung up on how it is delivered. Classic information seems to be more scientific in process, able to be measured and defined (Fitzgerald, 2019).
How does the information affect how we communicate, learn and use information?
Information has made it much easier to communicate in previous years, across country and internationally, personally and for business. It has helped create new jobs and areas of speciality in business. Advancements in information technology has also helped develop education, provide it to those who, previously found it out of financial or physical reach and create resources and programs within classrooms to support students of all ages. Additionally, the development technology allows people to access information immediately, as Floridi (2007) predicted, making information and technology a part of real life (RL) so much so that some people find it impossible to consider life ‘before’.
References
Fitzgerald, L. (2019). The Information Environment. In ETL401: Introduction to Teacher Librarianship, [Module 2]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899398_1&mode=reset
Floridi, L. (2007). A look into the future impact of ICT on our lives. The Information Society, 23, 59-64. CSU Library
2.2 ‘Information society’
What do you think this term means?
‘Post-industrial society in which information technology (IT) is transforming every aspect of cultural, political, and social life and which is based on the production and distribution of information. It is characterized by the (1) pervasive influence of IT on home, work, and recreational aspects of the individuals daily routine, (2) stratification into new classes those who are information-rich and those who are information-poor, (3) loosening of the nation state’s hold on the lives of individuals and the rise of highly sophisticated criminals who can steal identities and vast sums of money through information related (cyber) crime (WebFinance, 2016).’ (Fitzgerald, 2019)
I connected more with this second definition and appreciated the specific nature of it. Defining information is a complicated concept (Fitzgerald, 2019) and many have tried to do just that with limited success. Looking more broadly at the infosphere (Floridi, 2007) requires a closer look, rather than a broad brush approach.
For each of the characterisations in the above definition, I can think of an immediate example, most of which directly relate to my own experiences:
- It cannot be disputed that IT is much more integrated and prevalent in everyday life today than, even, fifteen years ago. Hand-held mobile devices, Smart TV’s and increasingly inexpensive portable laptops and tablets mean information is readily on-hand at any time. The availability of internet connectivity with the development and implementation of wi-fi in public spaces also contributes to the current ease of information access.
- The development and availability of technology providing access to information has helped create a new class divide in society. Initially, individuals who could afford to buy expensive lap-tops, mobile phones and other personal technological devices had an immediate advantage over their less financially capable counterparts. They were able to develop new skillsets and access new areas of commerce and finance that were unavailable without the right equipment.
More recently, with the increased presence of technology in education, personal lives and business, the physical devices required to access information have become less expensive and seen less as exclusive and more mainstream, necessary for everyday life, as Floridi (2007) predicted. That said, there remain certain brand names and models that maintain elitist advertising campaigns, targeting those individuals, businesses and schools with a higher spending bracket. - The rise in cybercrime in recent years can be clearly seen in local and international news. The Australian Cybercrime Online Reporting Network (ACORN) reported a rise of around 20% in cybercrime from 2017-2018 (Reddie, 2019). The more development in technology, the ore highly skilled criminals are operating in society as characterised by the above definition.
Why is it important for the teacher librarian to have an understanding of the information landscape?
Due to the pervasive nature of ICT (WebFinance, 2016), it is imperative that TL’s possess a relevant and broad understanding of the information landscape for a number of reasons. The idiom ‘forewarned is fore armed’ comes to mind when considering the information society.
It is important to help students develop a firm understanding of the information society at an appropriate level and to also provide support and guidance when accessing the information landscape for their learning and socialising.
Floridi (2007) predicted that ICT would evolve to the point of ‘a-live’ (artificially live), for example, self driving (or autonomous) cars that are predicted to be on our roads some day soon (Porter, 2012; Niccolai, 2012; BMW.com; Allianz.com.au). In the very near future, TL will be teaching students who have never known life without an extremely high level of integrated ICT, if it isn’t already happening. These students will have huge stores of prior knowledge and an elevated ICT skillset that generations before had not had the opportunity to develop. As it is, TL’s are already experiencing this with social media platforms, email and the use of Google. As such, it is the TL’s responsibility to keep up with changes to provide quality, relevant teaching and learning opportunities and develop the necessary higher order thinking skills needed to be a productive member of society.
Additionally, TL’s need to accept the fact that their physical resources will, more than likely, become totally digitised in the future (Ciccone & Hounslow, 2019) and familiarise themselves with appropriate online software and programs to support their fellow teachers and students.
References
Allianz.com.au (n.d.) Self-driving cars- the future of motoring? Retrieved from Allianz Australia website: https://www.allianz.com.au/car-insurance/news/self-driving-cars-the-future-of-motoring
BMW.com (n.d.) The path to autonomous driving. Retrieved from BMW website: https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/autonomous-driving.html
Ciccone, A. & L. Hounslow (2019). Re-envisioning the role of academic librarians for the digital learning environment: The case of UniSA online. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 16(1). Implementing online learning: Stories from the field, Article 11. Available at https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol16/iss1/11
Fitzgerald, L. (2019). The Information Environment. In ETL401: Introduction to Teacher Librarianship, [Module 2]. Retrieved from Charles Sturt University website: https://interact2.csu.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_42381_1&content_id=_2899398_1&mode=reset
Floridi, L. (2007). A look into the future impact of ICT on our lives. The Information Society, 23, 59-64. CSU Library
Niccolai, J. (2012). Self-driving cars a reality for ‘ordinary people’ within 5 years, says Google’s Sergey Brin. Retrieved from Computerworld website: https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/437481/self-driving_cars_reality_ordinary_people_within_5_years_says_google_sergey_brin/#closeme
Porter, I. (2012). Autonomous cars soon. Retrieved from https://www.goauto.com.au/news/general-news/technology/autonomous-cars-soon/2012-07-20/22168.html
Reddie, M. (2019). Cybercrime skyrockets in NSW as murders and robberies fall. Retrieved from ABC News website: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-11/cybercrime-skyrockets-in-nsw-as-murders-and-robberies-fall/10776982