Annotated Bibliography « Feasibility study of IoT solutions to monitor the illegal logging in National Parks

Ameen, F. N., Mohammed, Z. S., & Siddiq, A. I. (2018, October). Cost Minimization of GPS-GSM Based Vehicle Tracking System. In 2018 International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering (ICOASE) (pp. 256-261). IEEE.

Ameen, F., Mohammed, Z., & Siddiq, A. (2018). GPS and GSM Based Tracking System for Objects Moving over Wide Geographical Areas. Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences, 2(1).

Bharad, Y., & Jorvekar, P. P. (2020). Forest Monitoring Using Remote Sensing. CLIO An Annual Interdisciplinary Journal of History, 6(4), 213-220.

Khalaf, O. I., & Sabbar, B. M. (2019). An overview on wireless sensor networks and finding optimal location of nodes. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 7(3), 1096-1101.

Khandar, P. R., & Deivanai, K. (2016). Preventive System for Forests. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST), 4(1).

Park, S., Yun, S., Kim, H., Kwon, R., & Ganser, J. (2018, June). Forestry monitoring system using LoRa and Drone. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics (pp. 1-8).

Pan, L. (2020). Preventing forest fires using a wireless sensor network. Journal of Forest Science, 66, 2020 (3): 97–104. doi:10.17221/151/2019-JFS

Priyanka, R., Chethan, C. K., Harisha, K. M., Madhurya, B. R., & Bhargav, A. (2019). Cattle Robbery Avoiding System and Tracking of Stolen Cattle using IoT. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management

Raghavendra, L. R., Vivek, B. T., Suhas, G. K. R., Vijay, K. M., & Vineeth, M. S. (2019, June). IOT BASED ILLEGAL TREE CUTTING PREVENTION AND MONITORING WITH WEB APPLICATION. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BGSIT, Karnataka- India.

Seetha, A., Prem, A. R., Surya, M., Vikasini, K. R. (2019, July). Anti-Smuggling System for Trees in Forest Using Vibration Sensor and NRF. In Electronics and Communication Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College.

Sharma, A. K., Ansari, M. F. R., Siddiqui, M. F., & Baig, M. A. (2017). IoT enabled forest fire detection and an online monitoring system. International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER), 3, 50-54.

Soma, S., & Sudha, S. (2019). AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING DEFORESTATION USING IOT AND GSM. In International Conference on Recent Trends In Computational Engineering and Technologies (ICTRCET).

The article highlights how economically stolen vehicles can be tracked over wide geographical areas using a system based on GPS-GSM. The paper aims to achieve the cost reduction of SMS messages and enable trade-off between the accuracy of tracking and reduction of the cost. The moving units reduce the number of response message that is being sent to the server in order to lower the SMS message cost for periodic tracking. The transmission of location information from moving unit to the server as a SMS doesn’t happen if the distance covered by moving unit is less than given threshold. The article limits by revealing the weakness of scarification in the tracking accuracy for the cost reduction in SMS. However, tracking accuracy is very important for the tracking system to perform well or it may not be useful. The paper is useful in answering How efficient are the current IoT solutions in forest monitoring. This is an article published on IEEE Xplore Digital Library, 2018, and has not been cited. The paper includes 19 references.

Ameen, F., Mohammed, Z., & Siddiq, A. (2018). GPS and GSM Based Tracking System for Objects Moving over Wide Geographical Areas. Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences, 2(1).

The purpose of this article is to implement a system for tracking any objects that are being transported to a wide geographical area without needing to worry about internet service. The system uses GPS for determining the location of the moving objects and GSM technologies. The study reveals components of the tracking system and how each of this equipment performs connecting to each other. The proposed system confirms the use of a Personal computer as a central server which connects to microcontroller and microcontroller is connected to GSM shield for receiving and sending SMS messages. The smartphones are a mobile unit that has a GPS module. The article limits by talking about the accuracy of coordinates obtained which depends on the weather, obstacles of the surrounding environment, and signal strength of satellites. Thus, further study is required to find out a solution for the accurate location of the moving objects. This article was useful in answering what is the key IoT solutions relevant to the research. The paper is the 2018 Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Science. It has been cited 2 times, and mentioned 11 references.

Bharad, Y., & Jorvekar, P. P. (2020). Forest Monitoring Using Remote Sensing. CLIO An Annual Interdisciplinary Journal of History, 6(4), 213-220.

The article is a study of ten published journal articles based on the Forest Monitoring System using the Remote Sensing technique indicating its drawbacks and future scops. The literature review of various Forest Monitoring Systems discusses how it works, disadvantages and advantages, how data transmission is achieved, and various sensors used. The survey confirms that wireless communication is commonly used for all the proposed methods and most of the systems are made up of three parts – data collection, data processing, data display, or storage. With the help of the Forest Monitoring system, real-time information about the forest fire or illegal activities can be detected for the forest rangers to take action. The article limits by mentioning some drawbacks in monitoring aspects of the forest; autonomous Forest Monitoring System may locate the fire in the wrong area resulting in activation of automatic fire fighting modules, use of static cameras may require more number of the camera for large geographical areas which are costly and collar cell may need replacement by efficient batteries for larger applications. Thus, further study or research is recommended. The article helped me answer how available are the IoT solutions in the market. This paper is 2020, CLIO an Annual Interdisciplinary Journal of History (UGC Care Journal) and has not been cited. There are 13 references used.

Khalaf, O. I., & Sabbar, B. M. (2019). An overview on wireless sensor networks and finding optimal location of nodes. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 7(3), 1096-1101.

The article reviews on wireless sensor network and its ability to connect between the virtual and physical world that sensor nodes can transmit data to other nodes in a broad range. The use of GPS to locate sensor nodes is one of the methods but it is expensive and works outdoor. It talks about various optimal localization methods and how they can be implemented in finding the location nodes without GPS to reduce cost. The paper confirms three different optimal localization methods and discusses their comparisons. It also mentions the reviews and investigation/study on important parameters needed for localization based on which localization method can be decided. The article limits by mentioning the limitation that the article did not discuss the use of satellite for sending local information and the Wi-Fi network coverage of bandwidth and frequency by satellite connected to the network. There is a need to research on the network that supports high speed connection. The article was useful in answering What is the key IoT solutions relevant to the research. The paper is 2019 Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences and has been cited 31 times.

Khandar, P. R., & Deivanai, K. (2016). Preventive System for Forests. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST), 4(1).

The article begins by highlighting the problems faced by the Indian Government due to the smuggling of trees such as sandalwoods and teak despite strict rules and regulations are placed against illegal exportation. It talks about how every tree will be equipped with the flex sensor, microcontroller, and Zigbee module electronic unit and data from a tree can be collected by sub server unit to be sent to the main server with the help of GSM modem. This study suggests three modules (tree unit, area unit, and main server unit). It confirms that all the units will be connected by wireless using the SIM300 GSM module, flex sensor detects hammering on the tree, and change in resistance is feed to the microcontroller to be transmitted to the sub server unit using ZigBee transmitter. The article limits by mentioning the future scope that GPS can be used to give the exact location of the illegal logging taking place. Thus, there are more works to be done to implement this system for spotting smugglers. The article answered the research question how beneficial is the implementation of IoT solutions in national parks. The paper is 2016 Academia Accelerating the World’s Research and was cited 2 times.

The article talks about LoRa networks in IoT technology to gather environmental data of the large farm fields and location data of the hard to reach locations. It focuses on the system implementation that can store data with the help of sensors; temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and light sensor to be sent to the LoRa gateway using LoRaWAN. The experiment conducted confirms that the horizontal coverage of the LoRa communication is up to 500 meters and vertical communication between the nodes on the ground and the gateway attached to the drone flying above the ground is approximately 20 meters. The article limits by saying that the LoRa network can encounter radio propagation issues with forest monitoring and other types of farming if there is no drone to fly over the forest cover or farm fields. So, further research is needed to carry out to prevent radio propagation issues where drones are not feasible to use. This article helped in answering how beneficial is the implementation of IoT solutions in national parks. The paper is the 2018 ACM Digital Library and has been cited six times.

Pan, L. (2020). Preventing forest fires using a wireless sensor network. Journal of Forest Science, 66, 2020 (3): 97–104. doi:10.17221/151/2019-JFS

The article talks about the use of the ZigBee wireless sensor network for real-time monitoring and prevention of forest fires. It describes the overall architecture involved in forest fire detection using ZigBee, advantageous of ZigBee wireless network over other wireless technology, and how sensor nodes with microprocessors can collect information such as temperature and humidity to be transmitted to monitoring host computer. This study confirms that the use of ZigBee in such a system can help reduce the cost and improve efficiency as it is a low rate, low power, and low cost. The article’s strength is in using ubiquitous microsensor nodes to monitor and collect information on the forest environment using ZigBee wireless technology and limits by saying that the wireless sensor for forest/environment protection is a new and this study is more of research which requires further research. The article is useful in answering What is the key (criteria) IoT solutions relevant to the research. The journal article is the 2020 Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences and contains 21 references. It has not been cited so far.

The article is about the problem of agriculture sector especially in developing countries such as India, where cattle theft is common. It states that the cattle theft problem is a major constraint in livestock development affecting farmers as well as the Government and how global positioning wireless nodes can be used for the detection of cow’s position. The study reveals the working principle of the system that is made up of Raspberry Pi microprocessor connected to the internet with sensors and the system is controlled by a web app connected to the server. The article uses RFID reader to know the count of the cows as we sign into the website and the exact location of the cow is traced with the help of data of longitude and latitude on the server. The limitation of the article is that the experiment uses wireless node which is too big for the collect location data but as in introduction it mentioned implanting sensors in the cow’s skin to communicate with the mobile and collect location data. This article was useful in answering What is the key IoT solutions relevant to the research. This paper is 2019 IJRESM, International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science, and Management and has not been cited. The paper uses 8 references.

Raghavendra, L. R., Vivek, B. T., Suhas, G. K. R., Vijay, K. M., & Vineeth, M. S. (2019, June). IOT BASED ILLEGAL TREE CUTTING PREVENTION AND MONITORING WITH WEB APPLICATION. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BGSIT, Karnataka- India.

The article is regarding the prevention of tree trafficking as it has been one of the greatest threats to forest conservation. It talks about how a system can be implemented that can help prevent tree smuggling using electronic unit placed in the tree and notify tree cutting activity at the server unit showing in the web application. The system comprises of flex sensor, raspberry pi, microcontroller, fire sensor for fire detection and Relay to communicate with the server with the IoT modem. It is possible to eradicate illegal activities when messages of activity can be sent from the tree to the server with the help of GSM/GPRS modules. The limitation in this proposed system concept is that every tree in the forest must be equipped with the electronic unit that consists of sensors and other tools which seems difficult task, especially in the thick forest. And how the communication will be activated using GPRS which requires SIM card is not discussed thoroughly. This journal article is useful in answering How efficient are the current IoT solutions in forest monitoring. The article is 2019 Academia Accelerating the World’s Research and has not been cited. It uses 16 references excluding websites.

The author’s main viewpoint in this article is to prevent tree smuggling using embedded nRF technology. With the use of a vibration sensor, the vibration is detected when trees are being cut which is then alerted through nRF transmitter to the monitoring unit. This article confirms that the anti-smuggling of the valuable trees such as sandalwood and teak can be achieved by connecting a greater number of trees in the forest using nRF technology to monitor trees using IoT. The tree unit consists of a vibrating sensor and alert messages are being sent to the monitoring unit. The article’s main strength pertaining to the selected topic is the vibration sensor to detect vibration or movement but the forest consists of many trees that require an equivalent number of sensors. If we consider one of the country’s forests or National Parks, it will require a hub to be created by connecting multiple forests with the single monitoring unit. Therefore, future work may focus on the creation of the hub. The article is relevant to the research question How beneficial is the implementation of IoT solutions in national parks. This article is 2019 SSRN Tomorrow’s Research Today and has not been cited. It uses 24 references.

The article talks about the fire detector using Arduino Uno by connecting to the buzzer to Arduino and a small amount of smoke/CO2 level or rises in heat intensity can trigger fire alarm to notify concerned authority or person. It also talks about how the whole monitoring process can be connected to the webpage and mobile app so that the users can be alerted about the fire through the internet. This study confirms that whole working system can be performed in five steps; using sensors for data acquisition, collection of data by IC (IC ATMega 328-p/microcontroller) embedded into the Arduino, data transmission by a transmitter, data received by receiving station and display of temperature and CO2 level in the webpage. The article focuses on the IoT to detect fire and display temperature and CO2 levels on the webpage which can be used in a similar manner in detecting illegal logging. The illegal logging can be alerted through buzzer or notify through an alert message in web page/app. The article answers the question of What is the key IoT solutions relevant to the research and How efficient are the current IoT solutions in forest monitoring. The journal article is the 2017 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) and has been cited 8 times.

Soma, S., & Sudha, S. (2019). AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING DEFORESTATION USING IOT AND GSM. In International Conference on Recent Trends In Computational Engineering and Technologies (ICTRCET).

The forest has been a very important part of our lives as we depend on it for survival. However, a significant number of trees in the forest are reduced by humans resulting in deforestation which in turn destroys the animal’s home. The article talks about four major operations to prevent deforestation namely fire detection, tree cutting detection, detection of human and contaminated water detection with the help of sensors of various types; fire sensor, vibration sensor, PIR (passive infrared sensor), and PH sensor. It described how microcontrollers with GSM can communicate with a server to reach data collected by the sensor to forest ranger or authorized person and how the wi-fi router module for the communication between staff and forest rangers used as an additional option. The article’s proposed system idea of Wi-Fi router for the communication between employee and forest ranger is considered as a novel idea. The article limits by saying that there is no fault tolerance mechanism added which is kept for future work. Therefore, this paper may need more work and research to develop a completely useful system. This article is useful in answering How efficient are the current IoT solutions in forest monitoring as it compares currently proposed and existing systems. The article is from the International Conference on Recent Trends in Computational Engineering and Technologies (ICTRCET) and has used 11 references.