Author: davronov_akmalbek

We describe a Smart City, self-powered, water monitoring solution that uses low-cost water turbines. These can generate up to ∼ 4 W electrical power whilst reporting flow rates at UK domestic water pressure levels. This permits the novel use of stand-alone, remote Apache Spark Streaming as a distributed alternative to the conventional hierarchical Smart Grid. A future Smart City will have innovative features such as high-frequency monitoring of water flows, automated leak detection and shutdown with no requirement for utility electrical power.

KAA, IOT Ignite, PTC thingworkx, BEZIRK, Bosch IoT suite, Carriots, IoT eclipse.ora, Thingsboard are some of the IoT platform highlighted by the authors. Among them useful for smart city solutions are Bosch, Kaa, Firmware, CISCO, IBM and Cariots. The SNAP4CITY architecture is explained clearly and shows how IoT and smart city works. Simulations are done to check the mobility operator and view the driver to detail how IoT and its sensors work in Smart city applications. AAMA tool is used to monitor the real time data from the IoT sensors in smart city application. The performance are analyzed by monitoring communications bandwidth and number of messages transferred.

Home appliances, Education, Healthcare, Transportation, Food industry are some applications of Smart city applications. IoT sensors play vital role to increase the energy efficiency of those IoT based smart city applications. For example, heating, lighting and cooling in home appliances can be automatically controlled and managed by IoT sensors. Lightweight protocols, scheduling optimization, predictive models, cloud based, low power transmitters and receivers, cognitive managing framework are the energy efficient solutions for smart cities. The authors has chosen washing machine, dryer, electric vehicles and dishwasher for demonstrations. The challenges for energy harvesting ins smart cities are receiver design, energy arrival rate, transmitters scheduling, multipath routing etc. A several future works can be done for the efficient energy management in IoT based smart cities.

IoT helps to minimize the cost and risk, helps connecting and installing thousand and millions of heterogeneous system, provides safe and scalability services and provides better services are the pointed advantages of installing IoT devices on smart city.  Building, Environmental monitoring, Waste management, smart parking, smart health, navigation system for transportation, smart grid and autonomous driving are the applications of IoT and smart city. Device integration, networking, device management, security, data collecting protocols, analytics and visualizations supports are the requirements needed for IoT platform. While achieving smart cities IoT challenges are networking issues, transport issues, security issues, confidentiality, integrity, authentication, key and trust management, heterogeneity issues, Denial of service, big data management. The challenges solution provided are cloud, fog and edge computing but this is not sufficient solutions.

The massive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) is allowing Smart City projects and initiatives all over the world. The IoT is a modular approach to merge various sensors with all the ICT solutions. With over 50 billion objects will be connected and deployed in smart cities in 2020. The heart of smart cities operations is the IoT communications. IoT is designed to support Smart City concept, which aims at utilizing the most advanced communication technologies to promote services for the administration of the city and the citizens. This paper is presenting a comprehensive review of the concepts of IoT and smart cities and their motivations and applications. Moreover, this paper describes the main challenges and weaknesses of applying the IoT technologies based on smart city paradigms.

IoT based smart city communication protocols consists of short ranges and long range technologies like Zigbee, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WiMAX, GPRS, LTE etc. These protocols are used based on the applications. For example, short range communication protocols can be used in smart metering, e-health, traffic management, parking etc. low cost, low power consumption, maximum quality of service, flexibility, security, reliability, scalability are the requirements of IoT based smart city solutions. Fiware, ocean, OM2M and open daylight IoT data management are the open IoT platforms. The authors identified busan green u-city, smart Santander, Chicago are case studies running for IoT smart city solutions. Security, privacy, trust, interoperability, big data are the challenges in IoT based smart city solutions.

The authors details the concept of smart city, IoT based smart city model and cloud computing model. 6LowPAN, RPL, CoAP are the proposed several protocols for resource constrained devices by IETF.  IoT connects the physical infrastructures to digital world and makes the task of city easier and efficient. The cloud computing architecture consists of master nodes directory, data center nodes, set-top box node and nodes on other connected devices. Data in master nodes are well protected and can be accessed from anywhere by the connected devices. Transportation, healthcare, buildings, telecom, utilities, tourism, education are the applications of IoT based smart cities used in Dubai in cloud platform. In addition, the researchers proposed PaaS and IaaS fo IoT based healthcare framework.

A city is a large and permanent human ecosystem which provides a lot of services and opportunities to its citizens. The rapid urbanization and increasing population have put a lot of strains on city infrastructures and service deliveries. The current urbanization requires strong strategies and innovative planning to modernize the urban life. Many cities are enhancing quality and performance of urban services by being digitalized, intelligent and smarter. The policymakers and city authorities are exploring solutions to deliver the new services in an efficient, responsive and sustainable manner for a large population. The study explores all the possible services among various city dimensions which can make a city smart. The ideas related to smart services are collected from the peer vetted creative crowdsourcing process performed online in India. A directed qualitative conventional content analysis is used to analyze the collected ideas. The unique ideas are clustered into 19 different service categories. The findings suggest multi-dimensional service classification along with required basic infrastructural development. Further, the Smart City Transformation Framework (SCTF) is proposed to help the policy makers, urban developers, government officials and service providers in terms of understanding and to draw more insights from the suggested smart solutions for development of smart cities. There are four key areas (Planning, Physical infrastructure, ICT infrastructure and Deploying Smart solutions) discussed in the proposed framework to illustrate the city transformation. The proposed SCTF is supported by literature and examples adopted by various smart cities across the world to illustrate its effectiveness. Moreover, a mind map is designed to illustrate the interrelationships among the collected ideas in an attractive and procedural visualization for city transformation process.

Hi my name is Akmalbek Davronov, I am from uzbekistan Samarkand city, I am interested in painting and decorations, i have done bachelors of business Economics in university of Bangor, UK

The main technical issues regarding smart city solutions are related to data gathering, aggregation, reasoning, data analytics, access, and service delivering via Smart City APIs (Application Program Interfaces). Different kinds of Smart City APIs enable smart city services and applications, while their effectiveness depends on the architectural solutions to pass from data to services for city users and operators, exploiting data analytics, and presenting services via APIs.

Therefore, there is a strong activity on defining smart city architectures to cope with this complexity, putting in place a significant range of different kinds of services and processes. In this paper, the work performed in the context of Sii-Mobility smart city project on defining a smart city architecture addressing a wide range of processes and data is presented. To this end, comparisons of the state of the art solutions of smart city architectures for data aggregation and for Smart City API are presented by putting in evidence the usage semantic ontologies and knowledge base in the data aggregation in the production of smart services. The solution proposed aggregate and re-conciliate data (open and private, static and real time) by using reasoning/smart algorithms for enabling sophisticated service delivering via Smart City API. The work presented has been developed in the context of the Sii-Mobility national smart city project on mobility and transport integrated with smart city services with the aim of reaching a more sustainable mobility and transport systems. Sii-Mobility is grounded on Km4City ontology and tools for smart city data aggregation, analytics support and service production exploiting smart city API. To this end, Sii-Mobility/Km4City APIs have been compared to the state of the art solutions. Moreover, the proposed architecture has been assessed in terms of performance, computational and network costs in terms of measures that can be easily performed on private cloud on premise. The computational costs and workloads of the data ingestion and data analytics processes have been assessed to identify suitable measures to estimate needed resources. Finally, the API consumption related data in the recent period are presented.

Technology is known to bring in innovations; making us live a smarter life. Smarter people prefer smart things, which can understand their needs and act on its own. To meet the expectations of the new generation, intangible things are also rejuvenating themselves. We now prefer to live in cities where almost everything is automated, a city which is so well connected that things happen seamlessly. This is the vision the entire world is following. With the Smart City Initiative, many cities are taking concrete steps towards creating happier and smarter communities living within. Few have paved way into our lives and few we await to witness.

A smart city is a digital revolution where different domains of the city are connected and correlated using different technology modules to provide best services to its citizens and is primarily driven by data. When data generated from each and every department of a city is collected and co-related then optimum decision on allocation of resources and effectiveness of pre-existing services can be taken smoothly.